导言

Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau and Jean-Jacques Becker, Encyclopédie de la Grande Guerre1914–1918. Histoire et culture (Paris, 2004).

Annette Becker, 1914–1918: Understanding the Great War (London, 2002).

Correlli Barnett, The Swordbearers (London, 1963).

Ian F. W. Beckett, The Great War 1914–1918 (2nd edn., Harlow, 2007).

Roger Chickering and Stig F?ster, Great War, Total War: Combat and Mobilization on the Western Front 1914–1918 (Cambridge, 2000).

Marc Ferro, The Great War, 1914–1918 (London, 1973).

Gerhard Hirschfeld, Gerd Krumeich, and Irina Renz, Brill’s Encyclopedia of the First World War (2 vols., Leiden, 2012).

John Horne, A Companion to World War I (Chichester, 2010).

Michael Howard, The First World War (Oxford, 2002).

Bela K. Kiraly, Nandor F. Dreisziger, and Albert A. Nofi (eds), East Central European

Society in World War I (Boulder, Colo., 1985).

Allan R. Millett and Williamson Murray (eds), Military Effectiveness, i: The First World War (Boston, 1988).

Keith Robbins, The First World War (Oxford, 1983).

David Stevenson, The First World War and International Politics (Oxford, 1987).

—— 1914–1918: The History of the First World War (London, 2004).

Norman Stone, The Eastern Front 1914–1917 (London, 1975).

Hew Strachan, The First World War, i: To Arms (Oxford, 2001).

—— The First World War: A New Illustrated History (London, 2003).

Jay Winter and Jean-Louis Robert (eds), Capital Cities at War: Paris, London, Berlin,1914–1919 (2 vols., Cambridge, 1997–2007).

J. M. Winter, The Experience of World War I (London, 1988).

各国

奥匈帝国

Mark Cornwall (ed.), The Last Years of Austria-Hungary 1908–1918 (Exeter, 1990).

Manfried Rauchensteiner, Der Erste Weltkrieg und das Ende der Habsburgermonarchie (Vienna, 2013).

Leo Valiani, The End of Austria-Hungary (London, 1973).

英国

J. M. Bourne, Britain and the Great War 1914–1918 (London, 1989).

Adrian Gregory, The Last Great War: British Society and the First World War (Cambridge, 2008).

G. J. De Groot, Blighty: British Society in the Era of the Great War (London, 1996).

G. R. Searle, A New England？ Peace and War 1886–1918 (Oxford, 2004).

Trevor Wilson, The Myriad Faces of War: Britain and the Great War 1914–1918 (Oxford,1986).

J. M. Winter, The Great War and the British People (London, 1985).

法国

Jean-Jacques Becker, The Great War and the French People (Leamington Spa, 1985).

Robert A. Doughty, Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War (Cambridge, Mass., 2005).

Leonard Smith, Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau, and Annette Becker, France and the Great War 1914–1918 (Cambridge, 2003).

德国

Roger Chickering, Imperial Germany and the Great War, 1914–1918 (Cambridge, 1998).

Holger Herwig, The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914–1918 (London, 1996).

Peter Graf von Kielmansegg, Deutschland und der Erste Weltkrieg (Stuttgart, 1980).

Fritz Klein et al., Deutschland im Ersten Weltkrieg (3 vols., Berlin, 1968–1969).

意大利

Giorgio Rochat, L’Italia nella Prima Guerra Mondiale (Milan, 1976).

John R. Schindler, Isonzo: The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War (Westport, Conn.,2001).

Mark Thompson, The White War: Life and Death on the Italian Front 1915–1919 (London, 2008).

俄国

Orlando Figes, A People’s Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924 (London, 1996).

Michael T. Florinsky, The End of the Russian Empire (New Haven, 1931).

Peter Gatrell, Russia’s First World War: A Social and Economic History (Harlow, 2005).

W. Bruce Lincoln, Passage through Armageddon: The Russians in War and Revolution 1914–1918 (New York, 1986).

Bernard Pares, The Fall of the Russian Monarchy: A Study of the Evidence (London,1939).

美国

E. M. Coffman, The War to End All Wars: The American Military Experience in World War I (Madison, 1968).

David Kennedy, Over Here: The First World War and American Society (New York,1980).

Ronald Schaffer, America in the Great War: The Rise of the War Welfare State (NewYork, 1991).

第一章 战争缘起

Luigi Albertini, The Origins of the War of 1914, ed. and trans. Isabella Massey (3 vols.,London, 1952–1957).

Holger Afflerbach, Der Dreibund: Europ?ische Grossmacht- und Allianzpolitik vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg (Vienna, 2002).

—— and David Stevenson (eds), An Improbable War？ The Outbreak of World War I and European Political Culture before 1914 (New York, 2007).

Richard Bosworth, Italy and the Approach of the First World War (London, 1983).

Arden Bucholz, Moltke, Schlieffen and Prussian War Planning (New York, 1991).

Christopher Clark, The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 (London, 2012).

R. J. W. Evans and Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann (eds), The Coming of the First World War (Oxford, 1988).

Fritz Fischer, War of Illusions: German Policies from 1911 to 1914 (London, 1967).

Richard Hamilton and Holger Herwig (eds), The Origins of the First World War (Cambridge, 2003).

—— (eds), War Planning 1914 (Cambridge, 2010).

David G. Herrmann, The Arming of Europe and the Making of the First World War (Princeton, 1996).

Mark Hewitson, Germany and the Causes of the First World War (Oxford, 2004).

James Joll and Gordon Martel, The Origins of the First World War (3nd edn., London, 2007).

John F. V. Keiger, France and the Origins of the War (London, 1983).

D. C. B. Lieven, Russia and the Origins of the First World War (London, 1983).

Sean McMeekin, The Russian Origins of the First World War (Cambridge, Mass., 2011).

Annika Mombauer, Helmuth von Moltke and the Origins of the First World War (Cambridge, 2001).

—— (ed.), The Origins of the First World War: Diplomatic and Military Documents (Manchester, 2013).

William Mulligan, The Origins of the First World War (Cambridge, 2010).

Thomas Otte, The Foreign Office Mind: The Making of British Foreign Policy, 1865–1914 (Cambridge, 2011).

Stefan Schmidt, Frankreichs Aussenpolitik in der Julikrise 1914: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Ausbruchs des Ersten Weltkriegs (Munich, 2009).

Zara Steiner and Keith Neilson, Britain and the Origins of the First World War (2nd edn., New York, 2003).

David Stevenson, Armaments and the Coming of the War: Europe, 1904–1914 (Oxford, 1996).

Hew Strachan, The Outbreak of the First World War (Oxford, 2004).

Samuel R. Williamson, Jr., The Politics of Grand Strategy: Britain and France Prepare for War, 1904–1914 (2nd edn. rev., London, 1990).

—— Austria-Hungary and the Origins of the First World War (New York, 1991).

—— and Russel Van Wyk, July 1914: Soldiers, Statesmen, and the Coming of the Great War: A Brief Documentary History (Boston, 2003).

Keith Wilson (ed.), Decisions for War, 1914 (London, 1995).

第二章 同盟国的战略，1914—1917年

Holger Afflerbach, Falkenhayn: Politisches Denken und Handeln im Kaiserreich (Munich,1994).

—— ‘Wilhelm II as Supreme War Lord in the First World War’, in Annika Mombauerand Wilhelm Deist (eds), The Kaiser: New Research on Wilhelm II’s Role in Imperial Germany (Cambridge, 2003), 195–216.

Karl E. Birnbaum, Peace Moves and U-boat Warfare: A Study of Imperial Germany’s Policy towards the United States, April 18, 1916–January 9, 1917 (Stockholm, 1958).

Roger Chickering, The Great War and Urban Life in Germany: Freiburg 1914–1918 (Cambridge, 2007).

—— Freiburg im Ersten Weltkrieg: Totaler Krieg und st?tischer Alltag 1914–1918 (Paderborn u.A., 2009).

—— and Stig F?ster (eds), Great War, Total War: Combat and Mobilization on theWestern Front, 1914–1918 (Cambridge, 2000).

Gordon A, Craig, ‘The World War I Alliance of the Central Powers in Retrospect: The Military Cohesion of the Alliance’, Journal of Modern History (September 1965), 336–345.

Wilhelm Deist, ‘Strategy and Unlimited Warfare in Germany: Moltke, Falkenhayn, and Ludendorff’, in Roger Chickering and Stig F?ster (eds), Great War, Total War. Combat

and Mobilization on the Western Front, 1914–1918 (Cambridge, 2000), 263–281.

Hans Ehlert, Michael Epkenhans, and Gerhard Gross (eds), Der Schlieffenplan:

Analysen und Dokumente (Paderborn, 2006).

Ashley Ekins (ed.), A Ridge Too Far？ Gallipoli 1915 (Canberra 2013).

Erich von Falkenhayn, General Headquarters 1914–1916 and its Critical Decisions

(London, 1920).

L. L. Farrar, Divide and Conquer: German Efforts to Conclude a Separate Peace,1914–1918 (Boulder, Colo., 1978).

—— The Short-War Illusion: German Policy, Strategy and Domestic Affairs August–December 1914 (Santa Barbara, Calif., 1973).

Niall Ferguson, The Pity of War (London, 1999).

Fritz Fischer, Germany’s Aims in the First World War (New York, 1967).

Robert Foley, German Strategy and the Path to Verdun: Erich von Falkenhayn and the Development of Attrition 1870–1916 (Cambridge, 2005).

Holger Herwig, The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914–1918 (London, 1997).

Holger Herwig, The Marne, 1914: The Opening of World War I and the Battle That Changed the World (London and New York, 2009).

Gerhard Hirschfeld, Gerd Krumeich, and Irina Renz, Die Deutschen an der Somme (Essen, 2006).

Johannes Hürter and Gian Enrico Rusconi (eds), Der Kriegseintritt Italiens im Mai 1915 (Munich, 2007).

Karl Heinz Janssen, Der Kanzler und der General: Die Führungskrise um Bethmann Hollweg und Falkenhayn, 1914–1916 (G?tingen, 1967).

Konrad H. Jarausch, The Enigmatic Chancellor: Bethmann Hollweg and the Hubris of Imperial Germany (New Haven, 1972).

Ernst Jünger, Kriegstagebuch 1914–1918, edited by Helmuth Kiesel (Stuttgart, 2010).

Manfred Nebelin, Ludendorff. Diktator im Ersten Weltkrieg (Munich, 2010).

Wolfram Pyta, Hindenburg. Herrschaft zwischen Hohenzollern und Hitler (Munich, 2010).

Gerhard Ritter, The Schlieffen Plan (London, 1958).

—— The Sword and the Sceptre: The Problem of Militarism in Germany, vols iii–iv (London, 1973–1974).

Joachim Schr?er, Die U-Boote des Kaisers. Die Geschichte des deutschen U-Boot-Krieges Gegen Gro?ritannien im Ersten Weltkrieg (Bonn, 2003).

Gary W. Shanafelt, The Secret Enemy: Austria-Hungary and the German Alliance,1914–1918 (Boulder, Colo., 1985).

Hew Strachan, The First World War: (Volume 1) To Arms (Oxford, 2001).

Alexander Watson, Enduring the Great War: Combat, Morale and Collapse in the German and British Armies, 1914–1918 (Cambridge, 2008).

Terence Zuber, Inventing the Schlieffen Plan (Oxford, 2002).

Ian Beckett, Ypres: The First Battle, 1914 (Harlow, 2004).

第三章 运动战：东西线战场，1914—1915年

J. J. Becker, 1914: Comment les Fran?ais sont entrés dans la guerre (Paris, 1977).

Marc Bloch, Memoirs of War, trans. C. Fink (Ithaca, NY, 1980).

Richard L. DiNardo, Breakthrough: The Gorlice–Tarnow Campaign, 1915 (New York,2010).

John Dixon, Magnificent But Not War: The Battle of Ypres, 1915 (Barnsley, 2003).

Gerard P. Gross, Die vergessene Front. Der Osten 1914/1915. Ereignis, Wirkung, Nachwirkung (Paderborn, 2006).

Holger Herwig, The Marne, 1914 (London and New York, 2009).

John Horne and Alan Kramer, German Atrocities 1914: A History of Denial (New Haven, 2001).

Mark Humphries and John Maker (eds), Germany’s Western Front: Translations from the German Official History of the First World War, 1914, Part 1 (Waterloo, Ont., 2013).

—— (eds), Germany’s Western Front: Translations from the German Official History of the First World War, 1915, Part 1 (Waterloo, Ont., 2010).

Paul Kendall, Aisne 1914: The Dawn of Trench Warfare (Stroud, 2010).

Jonathan Krause, Early Trench Tactics in the French Army: The Second Battle of Artois, May–June, 1915 (Farnham, 2013).

Jeff Lipkes, Rehearsals: The German Army in Belgium, August 1914 (Leuven, 2007).

Nick Lloyd, Loos 1915 (Stroud, 2008).

James Lyon, ‘Serbia and the Balkan Front, 1914’, Dissertation, University of California,Los Angeles, 1995.

Douglas Porch, ‘The Marne and After: A Reappraisal of French Strategy in the FirstWorld

War’, Journal of Military History, 53 (1989), 363–386.

Roy Prete, Strategy and Command: The Anglo-French Coalition on the Western Front, 1914 (Toronto, 2009).

Ian Senior, Home Before the Leaves Fall (Oxford, 2012).

Jack Sheldon, The German Army at Ypres, 1914 (Barnsley, 2010).

—— The German Army on the Western Front, 1915 (Barnsley, 2012).

Dennis Showalter, Tannenberg: Clash of Empires (2nd edn., Dulles, Va., 2004).

Graydon Tunstall, Blood on the Snow: The Carpathian Winter War 1915 (Lawrence, Kan., 2010).

Sewell Tyng, The Campaign of the Marne, 1914 (Oxford, 1935).

Terence Zuber, The Battle of the Frontiers, Ardennes, 1914 (Stroud, 2007).

—— The Mons Myth: A Reassessment of the Battle (Stroud, 2010).

第四章 协约国策略，1914—1917年

C. Andrew and A. S. Kanya-Forstner, France Overseas: The Great War and the Climax of French Imperial Expansion (London, 1981).

K. M. Burk, Britain, America and the Sinews of War 1914–1918 (London, 1985).

K. J. Calder, Britain and the Origins of the New Europe, 1914–1918 (Cambridge, 1976).

G. H. Cassar, The French and the Dardanelles (London, 1971).

G. R. Conyne, Woodrow Wilson: British Perspectives, 1912–1921 (London, 1992).

D. Dutton, ‘The Balkan Campaign and French War Aims in the Great War’, English Historical Review, 94 (1979), 97–113.

W. B. Fest, Peace or Partition: The Habsburg Monarchy and British Policy 1914–1918 (London, 1978).

D. French, British Strategy and War Aims, 1914–1916 (London, 1986).

—— The Strategy of the Lloyd George Coalition (Oxford, 1995).

J. Gooch, ‘Soldiers, Strategy and War Aims in Britain, 1914–1918’, in B. Hunt and A. Preston (eds), War Aims and Strategic Policy in the Great War (London, 1977), 21–40.

Elizabeth Greenhalgh, Victory through Coalition: Britain and France during the First World War (Cambridge, 2005).

F. H. Hinsley (ed.), British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey (Cambridge, 1977).

Jeffrey Mankoff, ‘The Future of Poland, 1914–1917: France and Great Britain in the Triple Entente’, International History Review, 30 (2008), 743–767.

K. Neilson, Strategy and Supply: The Anglo-Russian Alliance, 1914–1917 (London, 1984).

J. Nevakivi, Britain, France and the Arab Middle East 1914–1920 (London, 1969).

William Philpott, Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice of the Somme (London, 2010).

V. H. Rothwell, British War Aims and Peace Diplomacy 1914–1918 (Oxford, 1971).

D. Stevenson, French War Aims against Germany, 1914–1919 (Oxford, 1982).

J. K. Tanenbaum, General Maurice Sarrail, 1856–1929: The French Army and Left-Wing Politics (Chapel Hill, NC, 1974).

D. R. Woodward, Lloyd George and the Generals (Newark, NJ, 1983).

第五章 巴尔干半岛，1914—1918年

G. F. Abbott, Greece and the Allies, 1914–1922 (London, 1922).

John Clinton Adams, Flight in Winter (Princeton, 1942).

Vasile Alexandrescu, Romania in World War I: A Synopsis of Military History (Bucharest,1985).

Grigore Antipa, L’Occupation ennemie de la Roumanie et ses conséquences économiqueset sociales (New Haven, 1929).

Richard J. Crampton, Bulgaria 1878–1918: A History (New York, 1983).

Georgi T. Danailov, Les Effets de la guerre en Bulgarie (New Haven, 1932).

Marcel Dunan, Le Drame balkanique de 1915. L’Automne serbe; notes d’un témoin avecune carte en couleurs (Paris, 1932).

Cyril Falls, Military Operations, Macedonia (2 vols., London, 1933–1935).

Gérard Fassy, Le Commandement fran?ais en Orient (Octobre 1915–Novembre 1918)(Paris, 2003).

Zisis Fotakis, Greek Naval Strategy and Policy, 1910–1919 (London, 2005).

Wolfgang-Uwe Friedrich, Bulgarien und die M?chte: Ein Beitrag zur Weltkriegs und Imperialismu sgeschichte (Wiesbaden, 1985).

Jonathan E. Gumz, The Resurrection and Collapse of Empire in Habsburg Serbia,1914–1918 (Cambridge, 2009).

Richard C. Hall, Balkan Breakthrough: The Battle of Dobro Pole 1918 (Bloomington,Ind., 2010).

Keith Hitchins, Rumania 1866–1947 (Oxford, 1994).

George B. Leontaritis, Greece and the First World War: From Neutrality to Intervention,1917–1918 (New York, 1990).

Andrej Mitrovi?, Serbia’s Great War 1914–1918 (London, 2007).

Alan Palmer, The Gardeners of Salonika (London, 1965).

Michael Boro Petrovich, A History of Modern Serbia 1804–1918, vol. ii (New York, 1976).

Vasil Radoslawoff, Bulgarien und die Weltkrise (Berlin, 1923).

J. Swire, Albania: The Rise of a Kingdom (London, 1929).

G. E. Torrey, ‘Romania in the First World War: The Years of Engagement’, International History Review, 14 (1992), 462–479.

—— ‘The Rumanian Campaign of 1916: Its Impact on the Belligerents’, Slavic Review, 39 (1980), 27–43.

—— The Romanian Battlefront in World War I (Lawrence, Kan., 2011).

第六章 土耳其战争

Feroz Ahmad, The Making of Modern Turkey (London, 1993).

Mustafa Aksakal, The Ottoman Road to War: The Ottoman Empire and the First World War (Cambridge, 2008).

Fahri Belen, Birinci Cihan Harbinde Turk Harbi (The Turkish War during the First World War) (5 vols., Ankara, 1963–7).

Wolfdieter Bihl, Die Kaukasus-Politik der Mittelm?chte (Vienna, 1975).

Donald Bloxham, The Great Game of Genocide: Imperialism, Nationalism, and the

Destruction of the Ottoman Armenians (Oxford, 2005).

Briton C. Busch, Britain, India, and the Arabs, 1914–1921 (Berkeley, 1971).

Ahmed Emin, Turkey in the World War (New Haven, 1930).

Edward Erickson, Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War (Westport, Conn., 2000).

—— Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War One: A Comparative Study (London, 2007).

Isaiah Friedman, Germany, Turkey, and Zionism, 1897–1918 (Oxford, 1977).

Ulrich Gehrke, Persien in der deutschen Orientpolitik w?hrend des Ersten Weltkrieges (2 vols., Stuttgart, 1960).

Paul G. Halpern, The Naval War in the Mediterranean, 1914–1918 (London, 1987).

Richard G. Hovannisian, Armenia on the Road to Independence, 1918 (Berkeley, 1967).

Matthew Hughes, Allenby and British Strategy in the Middle East 1917–1919 (London,1999).

Firuz Kazemzadeh, The Struggle for Transcaucasia, 1917–1921 (New York, 1951).

Marian Kent (ed.), The Great Powers and the End of the Ottoman Empire (2nd edn.,London, 1996).

Maurice Larcher, La Guerre turque dans la guerre mondiale (Paris, 1926).

Hermann Lorey (ed.), Der Krieg in den türkischen Gew?sern (2 vols., Berlin,1928–1938).

Jenny Macleod, Reconsidering Gallipoli (Manchester, 2004).

Justin McCarthy, The Ottoman Peoples and the End of Empire (London, 2001).

Donald McKale, War by Revolution: Germany and Great Britain in the Middle East in the Era of World War I (Kent, Oh., 1998).

Frederick J. Moberly, Operations in Persia, 1914–1918 (London, 1987).

Carl Mühlmann, Das deutsch-türkische Waffenbündnis im Weltkriege (Leipzig, 1940).

—— Der Kampf um die Dardanellen 1915 (Oldenburg, 1927).

Robin Prior, Gallipoli: The End of the Myth (New Haven, 2010).

Christopher Pugsley, Gallipoli: The New Zealand Story (Auckland, 1984).

Michael E. Reynolds, Shattering Empires: The Clash and Collapse of the Ottoman and Russian Empires 1908–1918 (Cambridge, 2011).

Eliezer Tauber, The Arab Movement in World War I (London, 1993).

Charles Townshend, When God made Hell: The British Invasion of Mesopotamia and the

Creation of Iraq 1914–1921 (London, 2010).

Tim Travers, Gallipoli 1915 (Stroud, 2001).

Ulrich Trumpener, Germany and the Ottoman Empire, 1914–1918 (Princeton, 1968).

Frank G. Weber, Eagles on the Crescent: Germany, Austria and the Diplomacy of theTurkish Alliance 1914–1918 (Ithaca, NY, 1970).

Erik J. Zürcher, The Unionist Factor (Leiden, 1984).

—— Turkey: A Modern History (London, 1993).

第七章 非洲大陆的战争

Ross Anderson, The Forgotten Front: The East African Campaign 1914–1918 (Stroud,2004).

Michael Crowder, ‘The First World War and its Consequences’, in A. Adu Boahen (ed.),

General History of Africa, vii: Africa under Colonial Domination 1880–1935 (London,1985), 283–311.

Myron Echenberg, Colonial Conscripts: The Tirailleurs Sénégalais in French West Africa,1857–1960 (London, 1991), ch. 3.

Albert Grundlingh, Fighting their Own War: South African Blacks and the First World War (Johannesburg, 1987).

Geoffrey Hodges, The Carrier Corps: Military Labor in the East African Campaign of 1914 to 1918 (Westport, Conn., 1986).

Journal of African History, 19/1 (1978), special issue on Africa and the First World War.

David Killingray, ‘The War in Africa’, in John Horne (ed.), A Companion to World War I (Oxford, 2010), 112–26.

Sir Charles Lucas, The Empire at War, vols. i–iv (London, 1921–4).

Joe Lunn, Memoirs of the Maelstrom: A Senegalese Oral History of the First World War (Oxford, 1999).

Marc Michel, L’Appel à l’Afrique: Contributions et réactions à l’effort de guerre en AOF (1914–1919) (Paris, 1982).

Bill Nasson, Springboks on the Somme: South Africa in the Great War 1914–1918

(CapeTown, 2007).

Jide Osuntokun, Nigeria in the First World War (London, 1979).

Melvin Page, The Chiwaya War: Malawians in the First World War (Boulder, Colo.,2000).

—— (ed.), Africa and the First World War (London, 1987).

Edward Paice, Tip and Run: The Untold Tragedy of the Great War in Africa (London,2007).

Andrew Roberts (ed.), The Colonial Moment in Africa: Essays on the Movement of Mindsand Materials 1900–1940 (Cambridge, 1990).

Anne Samson, World War I in Africa: The Forgotten Conflict Among the European Powers (London, 2013).

Hew Strachan, The First World War in Africa (Oxford, 2004).

第八章 海战

Michael B. Barrett, Operation Albion: the German Conquest of the Baltic Islands (Bloomington, Ind., 2008).

Patrick Beesly, Room 40: British Naval Intelligence, 1914–1918 (London, 1982).

Nicholas Black, The British Naval Staff in the First World War (Woodbridge, 2009).

N. J. M. Campbell, Jutland: An Analysis of the Fighting (London, 1986).

Julian S. Corbett and Henry Newbolt, History of the Great War: Naval Operations (5 vols.

in 9, London, 1920–1931).

Michael Epkenhans, Tirpitz: Architect of the German High Seas Fleet (Washington, 2008).

Norman Friedman, Naval Firepower: Battleship Guns and Gunnery in the Dreadnought Era (Barnsley, 2008).

—— Naval Weapons of World War I (Barnsley, 2011).

James Goldrick, The King’s Ships Were at Sea: The War in the North Sea August 1914–February 1915 (Annapolis, 1984).

Andrew Gordon, The Rules of the Game: Jutland and British Naval Command (London, 1996).

Paul G. Halpern, The Mediterranean Naval Situation, 1908–1914 (Cambridge, Mass., 1971).

—— The Naval War in the Mediterranean, 1914–1918 (London, 1987).

—— A Naval History of World War I (Annapolis, 1994).

Holger H. Herwig, ‘Luxury Fleet’: The Imperial German Navy, 1888–1918 (London, 1980).

Mark D. Karau, ‘Wielding the Dagger’: The Marine Korps Flandern and the German War Effort (Westport, Conn., 2003).

Patrick Kelly, Tirpitz and the Imperial German Navy (Bloomington, Ind., 2011).

Roger Keyes, The Naval Memoirs (2 vols., London, 1934–1935).

Nicholas A. Lambert, Sir John Fisher’s Naval Revolution (Columbia, SC, 1999).

—— ‘Strategic Command and Control for Manoeuvre Warfare: The Naval IntelligenceDepartment and the Creation of the Royal Navy’s “War Room Plot”, 1905–1915’,

Journal of Military History, 69 (2005), 361–410.

—— Planning Armageddon: British Economic Warfare and the First World War (Cambridge, Mass., 2012).

Arthur J. Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow: The Royal Navy in the Fisher Era, 1904–1919 (5 vols., London, 1961–1970).

George Nekrasov, North of Gallipoli: The Black Sea Fleet at War, 1914–1917 (Boulder,Colo., 1992).

Tobias R. Philbin, Admiral von Hipper: The Inconvenient Hero (Amsterdam, 1982).

Stephen Roskill, Earl Beatty: The Last Naval Hero (London, 1980).

Lawrence Sondhaus, The Naval Policy of Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918: Navalism, Industrial Development and the Politics of Dualism (West Lafayette, Ind., 1994).

William N. Still, Crisis at Sea: The United States Navy in European Waters (Gainesville, Fla., 2006).

Jon Tetsuro Sumida, In Defence of Naval Supremacy: Finance, Technology and British Naval Policy, 1889–1914 (Boston, 1989).

V. E. Tarrant, Jutland: The German Perspective (Annapolis, 1995).

David F. Trask, Captains and Cabinets: Anglo-American Naval Relations, 1917–1918 (Columbia, Mo., 1972).

Michael Wilson, Baltic Assignment: British Submarines in Russia, 1914–1919 (London, 1985).

Jonathan Reed Winkler, Nexus: Strategic Communications and American Security in World War I (Cambridge, Mass., 2008).

John Winton, Convoy: The Defence of Sea Trade, 1890–1990 (London, 1983).

第九章 经济战

W. Arnold-Forster, The Blockade, 1914–1919: Before the Armistice—and after (Oxford, 1939).

L. M. Barnett, British Food Policy during the First World War (London, 1985).

A. C. Bell, A History of the Blockade of Germany and the Countries Associated with here in the Great War, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey, 1914–1918 [London, 1937(but classified until 196)].

H. Bendert, Die UB-Boote der kaiserlichen Marine 1914–1918: Eins?tze - Erfolge – Schicksal (Hamburg, 2000).

Emmanuelle Baud, ‘Le Renseignement économique militaire en France à partir de1916: impératifs stratégiques et économie de guerre’, Revue historique des armées,242 (2006), 84–93.

K. M. Burk, Britain, America and the Sinews of War, 1914–1918 (London, 1985).

W. M. Carlgren, Neutralit oder Allianz: Deutschlands Beziehungen zu Schweden inden Anfangsjahren des Ersten Weltkrieges (Stockholm, 1962).

J. W. Coogan, The End of Neutrality: The United States, Britain, and Maritime Rights1899–1915 (Ithaca, NY, 1975).

B. Davis and T. Bonzon, ‘L’état contre la société: nourrir Berlin’, Guerres mondiales etconflits contemporains, 46/183 (1996), 47–61.

P. Dehne, ‘From “Business as Usual” to a More Global War: The British Decision to Attack Germans in South America during the First World War’, Journal of British Studies, 44 (2005), 516–535.

J. D. Grainger (ed.), The Maritime Blockade of Germany in the Great War: The Northern Patrol 1914–1918 (Aldershot, 2003).

J. A. Grohmann, Die deutsch-schwedische Auseinandersetzung um die Fahrstrassen des ?resunds im Ersten Weltkrieg (Boppard am Rhein, 1974).

F. W. Hirst, The Political Economy of War (London, 1916).

R. Hough, The Great War at Sea 1914–1918 (Oxford, 1983).

B. D. Hunt and A. Preston (eds), War and Strategic Policy in the Great War (London, 1977).

Greg Kennedy, ‘Strategy and Power: The Royal Navy, the Foreign Office and the Blockade, 1914–1917’, Defence Studies, 8 (2008), 190–206.

P. Kennedy (ed.), The War Plans of the Great Powers, 1880–1914 (London, 1979).

S. Kruizinga, ‘Neutrality in the Balance: The Origin of the Nederlandsche Overzee Trustmaatschappuj (N.O.T.)’, Leidschrift, 20/3 (2005), 57–82.

S. E. Lobell, ‘The Political Economy of War Mobilization: From Britain’s Limited Liability to a Continental Commitment’, International Politics, 43 (2006), 283–304.

B. J. C. McKercher, Esme Howard: A Diplomatic Biography (Cambridge, 1989).

J. Manning and K. Chavot, ‘La Guerre et la consommation civile à Londres, 1914–1918’, Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporaines, 46/183 (1996), 29–45.

Martin Motte, ‘La Seconde Iliade: blocus et contre-blocus au Moyen Orient, 1914–1918’, Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporains, 54/214 (2004), 39–5.

Avner Offer, The First World War: An Agrarian Interpretation (Oxford, 1989).

Eric W. Osborne, Britain’s Economic Blockade of Germany 1914–1919 (London, 2004).

M. Palmer, ‘Russia, Britain and the Blockade: Peter Struve and the Restriction of Enemy Supplies Committee’, Revolutionary Russia, 14 (2001), 42–70.

W. VanderKloot, ‘Ernest Starling’s Analysis of the Energy Balance of the German People during the Blockade, 1914–1919’, Notes and Records of the Royal Society, 57 (2003), 185–193.

C. P. Vincent, The Politics of Hunger: The Allied Blockade of Germany (Athens, Oh., 1985).

第十章 经济总动员：金钱、军需和机器

T. Balderston, ‘War Finance and Inflation in Britain and Germany, 1914–1918’, Economic

History Review, 2nd series, 42 (1989), 222–244.

Stephen Broadberry and Mark Harrison (eds), The Economics of World War I (Cambridge, 2005).

Gerd Hardach, The First World War 1914–1918 (London, 1977).

奥匈帝国

Eduard Marz, Austrian Banking and Financial Policy: Creditanstalt at a Turning Point,1913–1923 (London, 1984).

James Robert Wegs, ‘Austrian Economic Mobilization during World War I: With Particular Emphasis on Heavy Industry’ (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois, 1970).

英国

R. J. Q. Adams, Arms and the Wizard: Lloyd George and the Ministry of Munitions (London, 1978).

Kathleen Burk (ed.), War and the State: The Transformation of British Government,1914–1919 (London, 1982).

E. Victor Morgan, Studies in British Financial Policy 1914–1925 (London, 1952).

法国

Arthur Fontaine, French Industry during the War (New Haven, 1926).

John Godfrey, Capitalism at War: Industrial Policy and Bureaucracy in France1914–1918 (Leamington Spa, 1987).

Gaston Jèze and Henri Truchy, The War Finance of France (New Haven, 1927).

德国

Robert B. Armeson, Total Warfare and Compulsory Labor: A Study of the Military-Industrial Complex in Germany during World War I (The Hague, 1964).

Gerald D. Feldman, Army, Industry and Labor in Germany 1914–1918 (Princeton, 1966).

—— The Great Disorder: Politics, Economics and Society in the German Inflation,1914–1922 (New York, 1993).

意大利

Douglas J. Forsyth, The Crisis of Liberal Italy: Monetary and Financial Policy, 1914–1922 (Cambridge, 1993).

俄国

Peter Gatrell and Mark Harrison, ‘The Russian and Soviet Economies in Two World Wars: A Comparative View’, Economic History Review, 2nd series, 46 (1993), 425–452.

Alexander M. Michelson, Paul N. Apostol, and Michael W. Bernatzky, Russian PublicFinance during the War (New Haven, 1928).Lewis H. Siegelbaum, The Politics of Industrial Mobilization in Russia, 1914–1917: A Study of the War-Industries Committees (London, 1983).

S. O. Zagorsky, State Control of Industry in Russia during the War (New Haven, 1928).

美国

Kathleen Burk, Britain, America and the Sinews of War, 1914–1918 (Boston, 1988).

Charles Gilbert, American Financing of World War I (Westport, Conn., 1970).

Paul A. C. Koistinen, Mobilizing for Modern War: The Political Economy of AmericanWarfare 1865–1919 (Lawrence, Kan., 1997).

第十一章 女性在战争中的角色

Birgitta Bader-Zaar, ‘Women’s Suffrage and War: World War I and Political Reform in a Comparative Perspective’, in Irma Sulkunen, Seija-Leena Nevala-Nurmi, and Pirjo Markkola (eds), Suffrage, Gender and Citizenship: International Perspectives on Parliamentary Reforms (Newcastle, 2009).

Annette Becker, Oubliés de la Grande Guerre: humanitaire et culture de guerre (Paris, 1998).

Allison Scardino Belzer, Women and the Great War: Femininity under Fire in Italy (NewYork, 2010).

Gail Braybon (ed.), Evidence, History and the Great War: Historians and the Impact of 1914–1918 (Oxford, 2003).

—— Women Workers in the First World War (London, 1981).

Maria Bucur, ‘Between the Mother of the Wounded and the Virgin of Jiu: RomanianWomen and the Gender of Heroism during the Great War’, Journal of Women’s History,12 (2000), 30–56.

Joy Damousi, The Labour of Loss: Mourning, Memory and Wartime Bereavement in Australia (Cambridge, 1999).

Ute Daniel, The War from Within: German Working-Class Women in the First World War (Oxford, 1997).

Margaret H. Darrow, French Women and the First World War: War Stories of the Home Front (Oxford, 2000).

Belinda Davis, Homes Fires Burning: Food, Politics and Everyday Life in World War I Berlin (Chapel Hill, NC, 2000).

Laura Lee Downs, Manufacturing Inequality: Gender Division in the French and British Metalworking Industries, 1914–1939 (Ithaca, NY, 1995).

Barbara Alpern Engel, ‘Not By Bread Alone: Subsistence Riots in Russia during World War I’,

Journal of Modern History, 69 (1997), 696–672.

Alison S. Fell and Ingrid Sharp (eds), The Women’s Movement in Wartime: International Perspectives, 1914–1919 (Basingstoke, 2007).

Peter Gattrell, A Whole Empire Walking: Refugees in Russia during the First World War (Bloomington, Ind., 1999).

Susan R. Grayzel, Women and the First World War (Harlow, 2002).

—— Women’s Identities at War: Gender, Motherhood and Politics in Britain and Franceduring the First World War (Chapel Hill, NC, 1999).

Maurine Weiner Greenwald, Women, War and Work: The Impact of World War I on Women Workers in the United States (Ithaca, NY, 1990).

Nicoletta F. Gullace, ‘The Blood of our Sons’: Men, Women, and the Renegotiation of British Citizenship during the Great War (Basingstoke, 2002).

Martha Hanna, Your Death Would Be Mine: Paul and Marie Pireaud in the Great War (Cambridge, Mass., 2006).

Ruth Harris, ‘The “Child of the Barbarian”: Rape, Race and Nationalism in France during the First World War’, Past & Present, 141 (October 1993), 170–206.

Maureen Healy, Vienna and the Fall of the Habsburg Empire: Total War and Everyday Life in World War I (Cambridge, 2004).

Margaret Higonnet et al. (eds), Behind the Lines: Gender and the Two World Wars (NewHaven, 1987).

—— (ed.), Lines of Fire: Women Writers of World War I (New York, 1999).

Kimberly Jensen, Mobilizing Minerva: American Women in the First World War (Urbana, Ill., 2008).

Kathleen Kennedy, Disloyal Mothers and Scurrilous Citizens: Women and Subversion during World War I (Bloomington, Ind., 1999).

Susan Kingsley Kent, Making Peace: The Reconstruction of Gender in Interwar Britain (Princeton, 1993).

Jovana Knezevic, ‘Prostitutes as a Threat to National Honor in Habsburg-Occupied Serbia during the Great War’, Journal of the History of Sexuality, 20 (2011), 312–35.

Erika A. Kuhlman, Of Little Comfort: War Widows, Fallen Soldiers, and the Remaking of the

Nation after the Great War (New York, 2012).

David S. Patterson, The Search for Negotiated Peace: Women’s Activism and Citizen Diplomacy in World War I (New York, 2008).

Susan Pedersen, Family, Dependence and the Origins of the Welfare State in Britain and France (Cambridge, 1993).

Tammy M. Proctor, Civilians in a World at War 1914–1918 (New York, 2010).

Mary Louise Roberts, Civilization without Sexes: The Reconstruction of Gender in Postwar France (Chicago, 1994).

Michael Roper, The Secret Battle: Emotional Survival in the Great War (Manchester, 2009).

Marsha L. Rozenblit, ‘For Fatherland and Jewish People: Jewish Women in Austria during World War I’, in Frans Coetzee and Marilyn Shevin-Coetzee (eds), Authority,

Identity, and the Social History of the Great War (Providence, RI, 1995).

Bruce Scates and Raelene Frances Scates, Women and the Great War (Cambridge, 1997).

Franéoise Thébaud, La Femme au temps de la Guerre de 14 (Paris, 1986).

Deborah Thom, Nice Girls and Rude Girls: Women Workers in World War I (London, 1998).

Richard Wall and Jay Winter (eds), The Upheaval of War: Family, Work, and Welfare in Europe, 1914–1918 (Cambridge, 1988).

Janet S. K. Watson, Fighting Different Wars: Experience, Memory and the First World War in Britain (Cambridge, 2004).

Benjamin Ziemann, ‘Germany 1914–1918: Total War as a Catalyst of Change’, in Helmut Wasser Smith (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Modern German History (Oxford, 2011).

第十二章 自由主义遭遇挑战：战争大后方的政治

奥匈帝国

Barbara Jelavich, Modern Austria: Empire and Republic (Cambridge, 1987).

Arthur May, The Passing of the Hapsburg Monarchy, 1914–1918 (2 vols., Philadelphia,1966).

Joseph Redlich, Austrian War Government (New Haven, 1929).

Z. A. B. Zeman, The Break-Up of the Habsburg Empire, 1914–1918 (London, 1961).

英国

Cameron Hazlehurst, Politicians at War July 1914 to May 1915: A Prologue to the Triumph of Lloyd George (London, 1971).

Nigel Keohane, The Party of Patriotism: The Conservative Party and the First World War (Farnham, 2010).

Brock Millman, Managing Domestic Dissent in First World War Britain (London, 2000).

—— Pessimism and British War Policy 1916–1918 (London, 2001).

John Turner, British Politics and the Great War (New Haven, 1992).

法国

Fabienne Bock, Un parlementarisme de guerre, 1914–1918 (Paris, 2002).

Marjorie Farrar, Principled Pragmatist: The Political Career of Alexandre Millerand (London, 1991).

P. J. Flood, France 1914–1918: Public Opinion and the War Effort (New York, 1989).

John Keiger, Raymond Poincaré (Cambridge, 1997).

Jere Clemens King, Generals and Politicians: Conflict between France’s High Command,Parliament and Government, 1914–1918 (Berkeley, 1951).

David Newhall, Clemenceau: A Life at War (New York, 1992).

Catherine Slater, Defeatists and their Enemies: Political Invective in France, 1914–1918 (Oxford, 1981).

德国

K. Epstein, Matthias Erzberger and the Dilemma of German Democracy (Princeton, 1959).

Konrad Jarausch, The Enigmatic Chancellor: Bethmann Hollweg and the Hubris of Imperial Germany (New Haven, 1973).

Martin Kitchen, The Silent Dictatorship: The Politics of the German High Command under Hindenburg and Ludendorff, 1916–1918 (London, 1976).

J. Kocka, Facing Total War: German Society 1914–1918 (Leamington Spa, 1984).

James N. Retallack, Notables of the Right: The Conservative Party and Political Mobilizationin Germany, 1876–1918 (London, 1979).

Gerhard Ritter, The Sword and the Sceptre, vols. iii and iv (London, 1973).

Arthur Rosenberg, The Birth of the German Republic 1871–1918 (New York, 1962).

Matthew Stibbe, Germany 1914–1933: Politics, Society and Culture (London, 2010).

Hans-Ulrich Wehler, The German Empire 1871–1918 (Leamington Spa, 1985).

意大利

Nick Carter, Modern Italy in Historical Perspective (London, 2010).

D. J. Forsyth, The Crisis of Liberal Italy 1914–1922 (Cambridge, 1993).

Christopher Seton-Watson, Italy from Liberalism to Fascism, 1870–1925 (London,1967).

J. Thayer, Italy and the Great War: Politics and Culture, 1870–1915 (Madison, 1964).

J. Whittam, The Politics of the Italian Army (London, 1976).

俄国

William C. Fuller, Jr., The Foe Within: Fantasies of Treason and the End of Imperial Russia (Ithaca, NY, 2006).

Peter Holquist, Making War, Forging Revolution: Russia’s Continuum of Crisis 1914–1921(Cambridge, Mass., 2002).

Eric Lohr, Nationalizing the Russian Empire: The Campaign against Enemy Aliens during World War I (Cambridge, Mass., 2003).

Raymond Pearson, The Russian Moderates and the Crisis of Tsarism 1914–1917 (London,1977).

Hans Rogger, Russia in the Age of Modernisation and Revolution (London, 1983).

美国

Arthur S. Link, Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era (New York, 1954).

Seward W. Livermore, Politics is Adjourned: Woodrow Wilson and the War Congress1916–1918 (Middletown, Conn., 1966).

Ronald Schaffer, America in the Great War: The Rise of the War Welfare State (New York,1991).

John A. Thompson, Reformers and War: American Progressive Publicists and the First World War (Cambridge, 1987).

第十三章 东线与西线，1916—1917年

Shelford Bidwell and Dominick Graham, Fire-Power: British Army Weapons and Theories of War 1904–1945 (London, 1982).

J. E. Edmonds, History of the Great War: Military Operations France and Belgium (14vols., London, 1922–1948).

Paddy Griffith, Battle Tactics of the Western Front (New Haven, 1994).

Douglas Haig, War Diaries and Letters 1914–1918, ed. Gary Sheffield and John Bourne (London, 2005).

J. P. Harris, Douglas Haig and the First World War (Cambridge, 2008).

Alistair Horne, The Price of Glory: Verdun 1916 (London, 1962).

Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius, War Land on the Eastern Front: National Identity and German Occupation in World War I (Cambridge, 2000).

Lyn Macdonald, They Called it Passchendaele (London, 1978).

Martin Middlebrook, The First Day on the Somme (London, 1971).

Nicolas Offenstadt, Le Chemin des Dames: de l’événement à la mémoire (Paris, 2004).

Ian Ousby, The Road to Verdun (London, 2002).

Albert Palazzo, Seeking Victory on the Western Front: The British Army and Chemical Warfare in World War I (Lincoln, Nebr., 2000).

William J. Philpott, Anglo-French Relations and Strategy on the Western Front, 1914–1918 (Basingstoke, 1996).

—— Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century (London, 2009).

Robin Prior and Trevor Wilson, Command on the Western Front (Oxford, 1992).

—— Passchendaele, the Untold Story (New Haven, 1996).

—— The Somme (New Haven, 2005).

Gunther Rothenberg, The Army of Francis Joseph (West Lafayette, Ind., 1976).

Gary Sheffield and Dan Todman (eds), Command and Control on the Western Front:The British Army’s Experience 1914–1918 (Staplehurst, 2004).

E. L. Spears, Prelude to Victory (London, 1939).

Norman Stone, The Eastern Front 1914–1917 (London, 1975).

John Terraine, Douglas Haig: The Educated Soldier (London, 1963).

Tim Travers, The Killing Ground (London, 1987).

Graydon Tunstall, Blood on the Snow: The Carpathian Winter War 1915 (Lawrence, Kan., 2010).

第十四章 哗变与军队士气

Tony Ashworth, Trench Warfare, 1914–1918: The Live and Let Live System (London,1980).