The Emancipation Proclamation

亚伯拉罕·林肯/Abraham Lincoln

亚伯拉罕·林肯（1809-1865），政治家，第16任美国总统（任期：1861年3月4日—1865年4月15日），是首位美国共和党籍总统，也是历史上首个遇刺身亡的总统。

公元1862年9月22日，联邦总统公布了一项宣言，内容如下：

“从公元1863年1月1日起，所有被认定为奴隶者都应获得自由，并永远享有自由的权利。如果任何一州或州内指定地区仍保留有奴隶，当地人民将被视为是反叛合众国政府的。合众国政府，包括陆、海军当局，承认并维护上述人员的自由。对于这些人为争取真正自由而做出的努力，政府和当局不采取任何压制行动。”

“从1863年1月1日起，如果在任何一州或地区有反叛合众国者，总统将会认定并宣布其为反叛合众国政府之州或地区。而由多数合格选民选出代表，并将富有诚意地加入合众国国会的州，如果无其他有力反证，该州及其人民将被确认为不反叛合众国政府的。”

现在，我——亚伯拉罕·林肯，美利坚合众国总统，在合众国政府及其权威受到武装叛乱威胁之际，根据合众国陆、海军总司令的职权，为剿灭叛乱而必须采取适当的军事手段，在1863年1月1日即上次为此目的而发表宣言满100天之际，正式宣布并认定下列各州、州内部分地区及其人民反叛合众国政府，他们为：

“阿肯色州、得克萨斯州、路易斯安那州（以下地区除外：圣伯纳、帕拉奎明斯、杰弗逊、圣约翰、圣查理士、圣詹姆士、阿克森、阿森姆逊、特里本、拉孚切、圣玛丽、圣马丁和奥尔良各教区、包括新奥尔良市）、密西西比州、亚拉巴马州、佛罗里达州、佐治亚州、南卡罗来纳州、北卡罗来纳州及弗吉尼亚州（西弗吉尼亚的四十八个县以及柏克莱县、阿康玛克县、诺斯汉姆顿县、伊丽莎白市、约克、安公主与诺福克县，包括诺福克市及普兹茅斯市除外）。同时明确规定，目前对上述除外的各地区仍然保持本宣言公布前的原状。”

根据上述目的以及我本人的权力，我正式命令并宣布：在上述各州及州内部分地区，所有被称为奴隶者，从现在起，获得自由，并永远享有自由的权利。合众国政府，包括陆、海军当局，承认及维护上述人员的自由。

我在此告诫上述宣布获得自由的人员，除了迫不得已的自卫外，应避免使用任何暴力。同时奉劝他们，只要条件允许，在任何条件下都应该勤恳地工作，以取得合理的薪金。

我还要宣布，上述人员如符合条件，可以应征入伍，守卫堡垒要塞、据点兵站及其他地方；亦可在各种军舰上服役。

我真诚地认为，依照宪法规定，必要时动用军事行动保证宣言得以实施，是正义之举。我请求人们对此行动予以谅解，请求全能的上帝慈悲赐福。

Whereas， on the 22nd day of September， A. D.1862， a proclamation was issued by the President of the United States， containing， among other things， the following， to wit：

"That on the 1st day of January， A. D.1863， all persons held as slaves within any State， or designated part of a State， the people where of shall then be in rebellion against the United States， shall be then， thenceforward， and forever free；and the Executive Government of the United States， including the military and naval authority thereof， will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons， and will do no act or acts to repress such persons， or any of them， in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom."

"That the Executive will， on the 1st day of January aforesaid， by proclamation， designate the States and parts of States， if any， in which the people thereof， respectively， shall then be inrebellion against the United States；and the fact that any State or the people thereof shall on that day be in good faith represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such States shall have participated shall， in the absence of strong countervailing testimony， be deemed conclusive evidence that such State and the people thereof are not then in rebellion against the United States."

Now， therefore， I，Abraham Lincoln， President of the United States， by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-In-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States， and as a fit and necessary war measure for supressing said rebellion， do， on this 1st day of January， A. D.1863， and in accordance with my purpose so to do， publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days from the day first above mentioned， order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof， respectively， are this day in rebellion against the United States the following， to wit：

"Arkansas， Texas， Louisiana (except the parishes of St. Bernard， Palquemines， Jefferson， St.John， St.Charles， St.James， Ascension， Assumption， Terre Bone， Lafourche， St.Mary， St.Martin， and Orleans， including the city of New Orleans)， Mississippi， Alabama， Florida， Georgia， South Carolina， NorthCarolina， and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia， and also the counties of Berkeley， Accomac， Northhampton， Elizabeth City， York， Princess Anne， and Norfolk， including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth)， and which excepted parts are for the present left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued."

And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid， I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States are， and henceforward shall be， free；and that the Executive Government of the United States， including the military and naval authorities thereof， will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.

And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence， unless in necessary self-defence；and I recommend to them that， in all case where allowed， they labor faithfully for reasonable wages.

And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitable condition will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts， positions， stations， and other places， and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.

And upon this act， sincerely believed to be an act of justice， warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity， I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God.