六、分析与评价02(1 / 1)

[151] N.H.Gibbs,Grand Strategy,Vol.1,p.402.

[152] CAB 24/247,C.P.64(34),Report of the Defence Requirements Sub-Committee,28th February,1934;CAB 24/259,C.P.26(36),Annex:Programmes of the Defence Services-Interim Report,24th July,1935;CAB 24/259,C.P.26(36),Programmes of the Defence Services:Third Report of Defence Requirements Sub-Committee,21st November,1935.

[153] N.H.Gibbs,Grand Strategy,Vol.1,pp.409-414.

[154] CAB 53/32/4,C.O.S.596,Appreciation of the Situation in the Far East 1937:Report by the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee,14th June,1937.

[155] S.Woodburn Kirby,The War against Japan,Vol.1,p.19.

[156] N.H.Gibbs,Grand Strategy,Vol.1,pp.421-423.

[157] Robert Self,ed.,The Neville Chamberlain Diary Letters,Vol.4,Chamberlain to Ida,12 Feb,1934,p.380.

[158] 该委员会隶属帝国国防委员会,主席为国防协调大臣查特菲尔德勋爵,成员有掌玺大臣约翰·安德森(John Anderson)、陆军大臣霍尔-贝利沙(Hore-Belisha)、海军大臣斯坦诺普勋爵、空军大臣金斯利·伍德(Kingsley Wood)、兰开斯特郡大臣莫里森(W.S.Morrison)和三军参谋长,布里奇斯爵士(Sir E.Bridges)任秘书。

[159] N.H.Gibbs,Grand Strategy,Vol.1,pp.423-425.

[160] N.H.Gibbs,Grand Strategy,Vol.1,pp.425-426.

[161] S.Woodburn Kirby,The War against Japan,Vol.1,p.19.

[162] CAB 53/50/7,C.O.S.928,Report by the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee:The Situation in the Far East,18th June,1939;C.O.S.931,Report by the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee:The Situation in the Far East,24th June,1939.英法参谋会谈中,法国主张在远东采取防御态势,依靠苏联尤其是美国遏制日本直到意大利被打败,英国则强调地中海和远东并重。最后达成一致的是:远东的战略是防御性质的,英法压倒一切的是在西方,不轻易作出削弱英国东地中海舰队的决定。

[163] S.Woodburn Kirby,The War against Japan,Vol.1,p.20.

[164] CAB 53/52/2,C.O.S.941,Franco-British Conference at Singapore June,1939:Note by Scretary Covering Report,11th July,1939.

[165] N.H.Gibbs,Grand Strategy,Vol.1,p.431.

[166] S.Woodburn Kirby,The War against Japan,Vol.1,p.22.

[167] Christopher Thorne,Allies of a Kind:The United States,Britain and the War against Japan,1941-1945,pp.3-4.

[168] 扬·克里斯蒂安·史末资是出身南非的政治家、军事家,1917年3月被英国首相劳合·乔治邀请加入战时内阁,后负责英国本土防空事务,8月17日提交“史末资报告”,主张成立一支独立的空军。1918年1月2日空军部成立,首任空军大臣(Air Minister)是罗瑟米尔勋爵(Lord Rothermere),1919年1月10日空军大臣(Secretary of State for Air)成为内阁大臣级职位,陆军大臣温斯顿·丘吉尔兼任该职。1964年4月1日,空军部被合并进国防部,空军大臣职位随之取消。

[169] Phillip S.Meilinger,“Trenchard and ‘Morale Bombing’:The Evolution of Royal Air Force Doctrine before World War Ⅱ”,The Joural of Military History,Vol.60,No.2.(Apr.,1996),p.246.

[170] Ian M.Philpott,The Royal Air Force:An Encyclopedia of the Inter-War Years,Vol.2:Re-armament 1930 to 1939,South Yorkshire:Pen & Sword Books Ltd.,2008,p.1.

[171] Andrew Boyle,Trenchard:Man of Vision,London:Collins,1962,p.232.

[172] Phillip S.Meilinger,“Trenchard and ‘Morale Bombing’:The Evolution of Royal Air Force Doctrine before World War Ⅱ”,The Joural of Military History,Vol.60,No.2.(Apr.,1996),p.251.

[173] N.H.Gibbs,Grand Strategy,Vol.1,p.46.

[174] Ian M.Philpott,The Royal Air Force:An Encyclopedia of the Inter-War Years,Vol.2,p.ix.

[175] Basil Collier,The Defense of the United Kingdom,London:Her Majesty's Stationery Office,1957,p.5.

[176] CAB 24/131,C.P.3570(21),Interim Report of Committee on National Expenditure,14th December,1921.

[177] C.L.Mowat,Britain between the Wars,1918-1940,London:Methuen,1955,p.130.“格迪斯之斧”,源于国家支出委员会主席、首任运输大臣格迪斯(1921年11月辞去运输大臣职务)的一句话:“政府的厉行节约只是用大头针刮擦问题,反之,我们要用斧头来解决问题。”皇家空军在1919年镇压索马里起义时,只用了7架飞机就取得了成功,一共花了7.7万英镑,原本预算为600万英镑,预计陆军需要3到4个师。

[178] CAB 23/29,C.C.18(22)1,15th March,1922.

[179] CAB 24/158,C.P.88(23),Appendix 1:Lord Balfour on the Air Menace,May 1922.

[180] CAB 23/29,C.C.18(22)2,15th March,1922.

[181] Phillip S.Meilinger,“Trenchard and ‘Morale Bombing’:The Evolution of Royal Air Force Doctrine before World War Ⅱ”,The Joural of Military History,Vol.60,No.2.(Apr.,1996),p.254.

[182] John R.Ferris,The Evolution of British Strategic Policy,1919-26,p.108.

[183] CAB 23/30,C.C.43(22)18,3rd August,1922;CAB 24/158,C.P.88(23),Air Policy and a One-Power Air Standard:Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Air,February 1923.

[184] Basil Collier,The Defense of the United Kingdom,pp.13-14.

[185] Colin Sinnott,The RAF and Aircraft Design,1923-1939:Air Staff Operational Requirements,London:Frank Cass,2001,p.10.

[186] CAB 24/158,C.P.88(23),Air Policy and a One-Power Air Standard:Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Air,February 1923.

[187] CAB 24/160,C.P.270(23),National and Imperial Defence Sub-Committee of the Committee of Imperial Defence:Interim Report,12th June,1923.法国空军飞机数量的准确数字是596架。

[188] CAB 24/160,C.P.294(23),The Expansion of the Royal Air Force for Home Defence:Memorandum by the Secretary of State for War,15th June,1923.

[189] CAB 23/46,C.C.32(23)1,20th June,1923;Hansard,HL Deb,26th June,1923,Series 5,Vol.54,c.571.

[190] Malcolm Smith,British Air Strategy between the Wars,p.32.

[191] CAB 24/164,C.P.82(24),Imperial Conference,1923-Air Defence:Statement by the Secretary of State for Air,19th October,1923.

[192] CAB 24/207,C.P.355(29),Proposal to Postpone the Completion of the Royal Air Force Scheme of Expansion for Home Defence Until 1938,5th December,1929.

[193] CAB 24/175,C.P.421(25),Air Force Expansion for Home Defence:Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Air,October 1925.

[194] CAB 24/175,C.P.498(25),Expansion of the Air Force for Home Defence by Birkenhead Committee,November 1925.

[195] CAB 23/51,C.C.57(25)7,3rd December,1925.

[196] CAB 24/207,C.P.355(29),Proposal to Postpone the Completion of the Royal Air Force Scheme of Expansion for Home Defence Until 1938,5th December,1929;CAB 23/62,C.C.52(29)3,11th December,1929.

[197] N.H.Gibbs,Grand Strategy,Vol.1,pp.63-64.

[198] Anthony Clayton,The British Empire as a Superpower,1919-1939,p.255.

[199] CAB 24/247,C.P.64(34),Report of the Defence Requirements Sub-Committee,28th February,1934.

[200] Hansard,HC Deb,20th February,1934,Vol.286,c.188W.

[201] 航空师下辖1个或多个航空团(联队),航空团则下辖3个大队(1944年扩大为4个大队),大队下面有4个中队,1个中队大约有12架飞机(包括3架左右的非一线飞机)。不同的国家和不同的机型(比如战斗机和轰炸机),甚至不同的历史时期,1个中队所包括的飞机数量都不尽相同。

[202] Wesley K.Wark,“British Intelligence on the German Air Force and Aircraft Industry,1933-1939”,The Historical Journal,Vol.25,No.3.(Sept.,1982),p.631;Stephen Roskill,Hankey:Man of Secrets,Vol.3,London:Collins,1974,p.103.外交部常务次官范西塔特有自己的情报网络,他质疑埃林顿的估计,认为他对英国空军的实力过于乐观了。空军部和外交部在对德国空军力量的情报分析上,一直存在分歧。

[203] CAB 23/78,C.C.10(34)3,19th March,1934;CAB 34/79,C.C.18(34)3/4,30th April,1934.

[204] Philip Williamson and Edward Baldwin,eds.,Baldwin Papers,p.291.

[205] Robert Self,ed.,The Neville Chamberlain Diary Letters,Vol.4,Chamberlain to Hilda,1 July,1934,p.77.“疯狂紧追”意指德国在“军备平等”的幌子下扩军备战。

[206] Robert Self,ed.,The Neville Chamberlain Diary Letters,Vol.4,Chamberlain to Hilda,28 July,1934,p.82.

[207] CAB 24/250,C,P.193(34),Interim Report by the Ministerial Committee on Disarmament Dealing with Air Defence,16th July,1934;CAB 23/79,C.C.29(34)3,18th July,1934.

[208] Ian M.Philpott,The Royal Air Force:An Encyclopedia of the Inter-War Years,Vol.2,p.45;Basil Collier,The Defense of the United Kingdom,p.28;Malcolm Smith,British Air Strategy between the Wars,p.328.“五十二中队计划”中,轰炸机为394架,战斗机为204架。

[209] Hansard,HC Deb,30th July,1934,Vol.292,c.2339;Philip Williamson and Edward Baldwin,eds.,Baldwin Papers,p.322.

[210] Phillip S.Meilinger,“Trenchard and ‘Morale Bombing’:The Evolution of Royal Air Force Doctrine before World War Ⅱ”,The Joural of Military History,Vol.60,No.2.(Apr.,1996),p.247.

[211] Ian M.Philpott,The Royal Air Force:An Encyclopedia of the Inter-War Years,Vol.2,p.44.

[212] Stephen Roskill,Hankey:Man of Secrets,Vol.3,p.119.

[213] Robert Self,ed.,The Neville Chamberlain Diary Letters,Vol.4,Chamberlain to Ida,26 Mar,1939,p.395.

[214] Wesley K.Wark,“British Intelligence on the German Air Force and Aircraft Industry,1933-1939”,The Historical Journal,Vol.25,No.3.(Sept.,1982),p.632.

[215] Hansard,HC Deb,28th November,1934,Vol.295,c.883.

[216] CAB 23/80,C.C.42(34)2,26th November,1934.

[217] DBFP,Series C,Vol.3,pp.1072-1073;[英]安东尼·艾登:《艾登回忆录——面对独裁者》上卷,武雄、毓文、曼罗等译,陈尧光校,商务印书馆1977年版,第260页。

[218] Malcolm Smith,British Air Strategy between the Wars,p.155.

[219] Ian M.Philpott,The Royal Air Force:An Encyclopedia of the Inter-War Years,Vol.2,pp.44-46.

[220] CAB 24/254,C.P.85(35),The German Air Programme and Its Bearing on British Air Strength,15th April,1935.

[221] Ian M.Philpott,The Royal Air Force:An Encyclopedia of the Inter-War Years,Vol.2,p.45;CAB 24/255,C.P.100(35),Sub-Committee on Air Parity of Ministerial Committee on Defence Requirements:Interim Report,8th May,1935;CAB 24/255,C.P.103(35),Second Interim Report,17th May,1935;CAB 23/81,C.C.29(35)1,21st May,1935.

[222] CAB 24/254,C.P.C.P.85(35),Memorandum by the Chief of the Air Staff,15th April,1935.

[223] Malcolm Smith,“The Royal Air Force,Air Power and British Foreign Policy,1932-1937”,Journal of Contemporary History,Vol.12,No.1(Jan.,1977),p.164.

[224] N.H.Gibbs,Grand Strategy,Vol.1,pp.176,561.

[225] Basil Collier,The Defense of the United Kingdom,p.31.

[226] CAB 24/259,C.P.26(36),Programmes of the Defence Services:Third Report of Defence Requirements Sub-Committee,21st November,1935.

[227] CAB 24/259,C.P.27(36),Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Air:Air Striking Force,10th February,1936.

[228] CAB 23/83,C.C.10(36)1,25th February,1936;Ian M.Philpott,The Royal Air Force:An Encyclopedia of the Inter-War Years,Vol.2,pp.45-46;Malcolm Smith,British Air Strategy between the Wars,p.330.

[229] Wesley K.Wark,“British Intelligence on the German Air Force and Aircraft Industry,1933-1939”,The Historical Journal,Vol.25,No.3.(Sept.,1982),p.638.

[230] CAB 24/267,C.P.18(37),Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Air:Plan for Further Expansion of First Line Strength of the Royal Air Force,14th January,1937;Ian M.Philpott,The Royal Air Force:An Encyclopedia of the Inter-War Years,Vol.2,pp.45,70;Malcolm Smith,British Air Strategy between the Wars,p.331.

[231] CAB 24/268,C.P.69(37),Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Air,11th February,1937;CAB23/87,C.C.5(37)12,3rd February,1937;C.C.9(37)5,24th February,1937.

[232] Wesley K.Wark,“British Intelligence on the German Air Force and Aircraft Industry,1933-1939”,The Historical Journal,Vol.25,No.3.(Sept.,1982),p.639.

[233] CAB 24/273,C.P.316(37),Memorandum by Secretary of State for Air,27th October,1937/Air Staff Memorandum,12th October,1937;Ian M.Philpott,The Royal Air Force:An Encyclopedia of the Inter-War Years,Vol.2,pp.45,70-71;Malcolm Smith,British Air Strategy between the Wars,p.332.

[234] CAB 24/273,C.P.316(37),Interim Report by the Minister for Co-ordination of Defence,15th December,1937.

[235] CAB 23/90a,C.C.48(37)9/C.C.49(37)1,22nd December,1937.

[236] CAB 63/52,Aide-Memoire:Future Programmes of Our Defence Services,3rd December,1937.英国学者罗斯基尔认为,汉基是第一个提出上述看法的政府官员,见Stephen Roskill,Hankey:Man of Secrets,Vol.3,p.285.

[237] [美]戴维·麦基萨克:《来自蓝天中央的声音:空权理论家》,见[美]彼得·帕雷特主编,[美]戈登·A·克雷格、[美]费利克斯·吉尔伯特编:《现代战略的缔造者:从马基雅维利到核时代》,时殷弘等译,世界知识出版社2006年版,第618页。

[238] Malcolm Smith,British Air Strategy between the Wars,p.197;Malcolm Smith,“The Royal Air Force,Air Power and British Foreign Policy,1932-1937”,Journal of Contemporary History,Vol.12,No.1(Jan.,1977),p.170.作者认为这一变化对英国在慕尼黑这样的谈判产生了不利影响,因为英国注重战斗机防御,就失去了轰炸机报复性轰炸的威慑。

[239] N.H.Gibbs,Grand Strategy,Vol.1,p.572.

[240] CAB 24/274,C.P.24(38),Appendix Ⅳ:Revised Proposals Based on the Recommendations of the Minister for Co-operation of Defence,21st January,1938.

[241] CAB 23/92,C.C.5(38)9,16th February,1938.

[242] CAB 24/275,C.P.68(38),Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Air,12th March,1938.

[243] CAB 23/92,C.C.13(38)3,14th March,1938;Ian M.Philpott,The Royal Air Force:An Encyclopedia of the Inter-War Years,Vol.2,pp.45,72-73;Malcolm Smith,British Air Strategy between the Wars,p.334.

[244] CAB 24/276,C.P.86(38),Memorandum by the Minister for the Co-ordination of Defence,1st April,1938;C.P.87(38),Memorandum by the Chancellor of the Exchequer,4th April,1938;CAB 23/93,C.C.18(38)8,6th April,1938.

[245] CAB 23/93,C.C.21(38)6,27th April,1938.

[246] Malcolm Smith,British Air Strategy between the Wars,p.214.

[247] Hansard,HL Deb,12th May 1938,Vol.108,cc.1042-1103.

[248] Robert Self,ed.,The Neville Chamberlain Diary Letters,Vol.4,Chamberlain to Ida,10[?15] May,1938,p.322.

[249] CAB 24/279,C.P.218(38),Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Air,25th October,1938;Ian M.Philpott,The Royal Air Force:An Encyclopedia of the Inter-War Years,Vol.2,pp.45,73;Malcolm Smith,British Air Strategy between the Wars,p.335.

[250] CAB 24/280,C.P.247(38),Report of Cabinet Committee,3rd November,1938:Appendix-Minute by the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

[251] Wesley K.Wark,“British Intelligence on the German Air Force and Aircraft Industry,1933-1939”,The Historical Journal,Vol.25,No.3.(Sept.,1982),pp.645-646.“二战”爆发时,德国空军一线飞机是3 647架。

[252] CAB 23/96,C.C.53(38)2,7th November,1938.

[253] Malcolm Smith,British Air Strategy between the Wars,p.109.

[254] J.P.D.Dunbabin,“British Rearmament in the 1930s:A Chronology and Review”,The Historical Journal,Vol.18,No.3(Sep.,1975),p.592.

[255] Robert Self,ed.,The Neville Chamberlain Diary Letters,Vol.4,Chamberlain to Hilda,9 Feb,1936,p.175.

[256] CAB 24/265,C.P.334(36),Memorandum by Mr.Neville Chamberlain,11th December,1936.

[257] [英]W·N·梅德利科特:《英国现代史(1914—1964)》,第358页。

[258] Sebastian Cox,“British Military Planning and the Origins of the Second World War”,in B.J.C.Mckercher and Roch Legault,eds.,Military Planning and the Origins of the Second World War in Europe,Westport,Connecticut:Praeger Publisher,2001,p.107.

[259] Michael Howard,The Continental Commitment,p.125.

[260] Williamson Murray,Luftwaffe,South Carolina:The Nautical & Aviation Publishing Co.of America,1985,p.1.关于战前德国空军的战略和发展问题可见该书pp.1-23.

[261] Brian Bond,British Military Policy between the Two World Wars,p.283.

[262] George C.Peden,“The Burden of Imperial Defence and the Continental Commitment Reconsidered”,The Historical Journal,Vol.27,No.2(Jun.,1984),p.409.

[263] Malcolm Smith,“The Royal Air Force,Air Power and British Foreign Policy,1932-1937”,Journal of Contemporary History,Vol.12,No.1(Jan.,1977),p.158.

[264] Malcolm Smith,British Air Strategy between the Wars,pp.139,173.

[265] R.J.Overy,“German Air Force 1933 to 1939”,The Historical Journal,Vol.27,No.2.(Jun.,1984),pp.465-471;R.J.Overy,“The German Pre-war Aircraft Production Plans:November 1936-April 1939”,The English Historical Review,Vol.90,No.357.(Oct.,1975),pp.778-797.

[266] Michael Howard,The Continental Commitment,p.111.

[267] Anthony Clayton,The British Empire as a Superpower,1919-1939,pp.252-253.

[268] [英]保罗·肯尼迪:《大国的兴衰》,第326页。

[269] Charles Webster and Noble Frankland,Strategic Air Offensive against Germany,Vol.1:Preparation,London:Her Majesty's Stationery Office,1961,p.91.

[270] Sebastian Cox,“British Military Planning and the Origins of the Second World War”,in B.J.C.Mckercher and Roch Legault,eds.,Military Planning and the Origins of the Second World War in Europe,p.114.

[271] Albert V.Tucker,“Army and Society in England,1870-1900:A Reassessment of the Cardwell Reforms”,The Journal of British Studies,Vol.12,No.2(May,1963),p.111.

[272] Geoffrey P.Megargee,The Army before Last:British Military Policy,1919-1939 and Its Relevance for the U.S.Army Today,pp.1-2.

[273] Hastings L.Ismay,The Memoirs of General Lord Ismay,New York:The Viking Press,1960,p.94.

[274] Brian Bond,British Military Policy between the Two World Wars,p.41.

[275] CAB 23/15,W.C.616A,Minutes of a Meeting of the War Cabinet,15th August,1919.

[276] CAB 24/159,C.P.200(23),Memorandum by the Secretary of State for War,17th April,1923.

[277] Anthony Clayton,The British Empire as a Superpower,1919-1939,pp.27-28.

[278] N.H.Gibbs,Grand Strategy,Vol.1,p.52.

[279] A.J.P.Taylor,English History,1914-1945,p.222.

[280] CAB 53/12/8,C.O.S.36,Memo by Foreign Office for Chiefs of Staff Annual Review of Defence Policy 1926,16th April,1926.

[281] CAB 53/12/10,C.O.S.41,Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee Review of Imperial Defence,22nd June,1926.

[282] CAB 24/188,C.P.207(27),Memorandum by the Secretary of State for War,19th July,1927.

[283] CAB 23/55,C.C.45(27)5,28th July,1927.

[284] Michael Howard,The Continental Commitment,pp.90-91.

[285] Michael Howard,The Continental Commitment,p.91.

[286] Brian Bond,British Military Policy between the Two World Wars,p.31.

[287] A.J.P.Taylor,English History,1914-1945,p.229.

[288] CAB 53/22/10,C.O.S.295,Imperial Defence Policy:Annual Review for 1932 by the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee,23rd February,1932;CAB 24/229,C.P.104(32),Imperial Defence Policy:Note by Sir M.Hankey,17th March,1932.

[289] CAB 24/247,C.P.64(34),Report of the Defence Requirements Sub-Committee,28th February,1934.

[290] [英]布赖恩·邦德和马丁·亚历山大:《利德尔·哈特和戴高乐:有限义务与机动防御》,见[美]彼得·帕雷特主编,[美]戈登·A·克雷格、[美]费利克斯·吉尔伯特编:《现代战略的缔造者:从马基雅维利到核时代》,第595页。

[291] N.H.Gibbs,Grand Strategy,Vol.1,p.111;Michael Howard,The Continental Commitment,p.107.

[292] Anthony Adamthwaite,ed.,British Documents on Foreign Affairs:Reports and Papers From the Foreign Office Confidential Print(以下简为BDFA),Part Ⅱ,Series F,Vol.30,Frederick,Maryland:University Publications of America,1993,pp.64-67.

[293] CAB 23/79,C.C.23(34)2,6th June,1934;C.C.26(34)4,27th June,1934.

[294] CAB 53/24/3,C.O.S.343,Report by the Chiefs of Staff:Strategical Implications of a Declaration Concerning Belgian Security,7th July,1934;CAB 24/249,C.P.175(34),Strategical Implications of a Declaration Concerning Belgian Security:Note by Sir M.Hankey,9th July,1934.

[295] CAB 23/79,C.C.28(34)2,11th July,1934.

[296] 爱德华·卡德维尔(Edward Cardwell),1868—1874年任英国陆军大臣。任职期间进行了一系列陆军现代化的改革,废除了贵族阶层购买军职和花钱晋升的制度,将陆军总司令从王室控制下纳入陆军部管辖之下,制订6年预备队再6年正规军的服役规定,并建立一对一的制度,例如海外一个营,那么在国内相应有一个营的预备力量,然后定期轮换。它的缺点随“一战”后英国海外义务的增加而显现,详细见Albert V.Tucker,“Army and Socirty in England,1870-1900:A Reassessment of the Cardwell Reforms”,The Journal of British Studies,Vol.12,No.2.(May,1963),pp.110-141;Thomas F.Gallagher,“Cardwellian Mysteries:The Fate of the British Army Regulation Bill,1871”,The Historical Journal,Vol.18,No.2(Jun.,1975),pp.327-348.

[297] N.H.Gibbs,Grand Strategy,Vol.1,pp.114-117;Michael Howard,The Continental Commitment,pp.108-110.

[298] CAB 23/79,C.C.31(34)1 and Appendix,31st July,1934.

[299] Brian Bond,British Military Policy between the Two World Wars,pp.208-212.

[300] CAB 24/259,C.P.26(36),Programmes of the Defence Services:Third Report of Defence Requirements Sub-Committee,21st November,1935.

[301] CAB 23/83,C.C.10(36)1,25th February,1936.

[302] Robert Self,ed.,The Neville Chamberlain Diary Letters,Vol.4,Chamberlain to Hilda,9 Feb,1934,p.175.

[303] [英]利德尔·哈特:《战略论:间接路线战略》,中国人民解放军军事科学院译,战士出版社1981年版,第482页。

[304] Brian Bond,Liddell Hart:A Study of His Military Thought,New Jersey:Rutgers University Press,1977,ch.3:The British Way in Warfare 1930-34,pp.65-85,and ch.4:Limited Liability 1935-39,pp.88-115.

[305] Keith Feiling,The Life of Neville Chamberlain,p.313.

[306] CAB 24/265,C.P.334(36),Memorandum by the Chancellor of the Exchequer on the Role of the British Army,11th December,1936.

[307] CAB 53/30/5,C.O.S.550,Report by the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee:Role of the British Army,28th January,1937;CAB 24/267,C.P.41(37),Report by the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee:Role of the British Army,28th January,1937.

[308] CAB 24/267,C.P.46(37),Memorandum by the Minister for Co-ordination of Defence,2nd February,1937.

[309] CAB 23/87,C.C.5(37)14,3rd February,1937.

[310] CAB 24/269,C.P.115(37),Memorandum by the Secretary of State for War,23rd April,1937.

[311] CAB 23/88,C.C.20(37)4,5th May,1937.

[312] Robert Self,ed.,The Neville Chamberlain Diary Letters,Vol.4,Chamberlain to Ida,6 Feb,1937,p.233.

[313] Brian Bond,British Military Policy between the Two World Wars,p.225.

[314] Robert Self,ed.,The Neville Chamberlain Diary Letters,Vol.4,Chamberlain to Hilda,30 May,1937,p.251.

[315] Stephen Roskill,Hankey:Man of Secrets,Vol.3,p.290.

[316] J.P.D.Dunbabin,“British Rearmament in the 1930s:A Chronology and Review”,The Historical Journal,Vol.18,No.3(Sep.,1975),p.602.

[317] N.H.Gibbs,Grand Strategy,Vol.1,p.495.

[318] Stephen Roskill,Hankey:Man of Secrets,Vol.3,pp.285,291.

[319] [英]安东尼·艾登:《艾登回忆录——面对独裁者》下卷,第875页。

[320] CAB 24/273,C.P.316(37),Interim Report by the Minister for Co-ordination of Defence,15th December,1937.

[321] CAB 23/90a,C.C.48(37)9/C.C.49(37)1,22nd December,1937.

[322] CAB 24/274,C.P.26(38),Memorandum by the Secretary of State for War:The Organization of the Army for Its Role in War,10th February,1938.

[323] CAB 23/93,C.C.16(38)6,23rd March,1938.

[324] Brian Bond,British Military Policy between the Two World Wars,p.270.

[325] Uri Bialer,“The British Chiefs of Staff and the ‘Limited Liability’ Formula of 1938,a Note”,Military Affairs,Vol.42,No.2(Apr.,1978),pp.98-99.英国在海岸部署了51个雷达站,并由一个中央控制室与战斗机指挥系统有效地联系在一起。

[326] Talbot Imlay,“The Making of the Anglo-French Alliance,1938-39”,in Martin S.Alexander and W.J.Philpott,eds.,Anglo-French Defence Relations between the Wars,New York:Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.,2002,p.101.

[327] CAB 53/24/3,C.O.S.343,Report by the Chiefs of Staff:Strategical Implications of a Declaration Concerning Belgian Security,7th July,1934;CAB 24/249,C.P.175(34),Strategical Implications of a Declaration Concerning Belgian Security:Note by Sir M.Hankey,9th July,1934.

[328] [英]安东尼·艾登:《艾登回忆录——面对独裁者》下卷,第620、625页。

[329] 周以光:《法国在莱茵兰事件中采取的退让政策及其经济背景》,齐世荣主编:《绥靖政策研究》,第119页。

[330] CAB 23/83,C.C.28(36)3 and Appendix,8th April,1936.

[331] CAB 24/261,C.P.110(36),The Staff Conversations with French and Belgium Representatives,20th April,1936.

[332] Talbot Imlay,“The Making of the Anglo-French Alliance,1938-39”,in Martin S.Alexander and W.J.Philpott,eds.,Anglo-French Defence Relations between the Wars,p.99.

[333] CAB 53/36/4,C.O.S.680,Memorandum by the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee:Staff Conversations with France and Belgium,4th February,1938;CAB 24/274,C.P.35(38),Staff Conversations with France and Belgium:Note by Sir M.Hankey,14th February,1938.

[334] Michael Howard,The Continental Commitment,p.118.

[335] CAB 23/92,C.C.5(38)12,16th February,1938.

[336] CAB 23/93,C.C.18(38)7,6th April,1938.

[337] CAB 24/276,C.P.94(38),Annex I:Conclusions of the 319th Meeting of the Committee of Imperial Defence Held on the 11th April,1938;Annex Ⅲ:Report of Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee:Staff Conversations with France and Belgium,8th April,1938;CAB 23/93,C.C.19(38)4,13th April,1938.

[338] CAB 24/276,C.P.109(38),Record of an Anglo-French Conversation,28th and 29th April,1938.

[339] CAB 23/93,C.C.,26(38)4,25th May,1938.

[340] Robert Self,ed.,The Neville Chamberlain Diary Letters,Vol.4,Chamberlain to Hilda,6 Nov,1938,p.361.

[341] CAB 24/280,C.P.269(38),Record of the Anglo-French Conversations 24th November 1938;E.L.Woodward and Rohan Butler,eds.,Documents British on Foreign Policy,1919-1939(DBFP),Third Series,Vol.3,London:His Majesty's Stationery Office,1950,pp.291-292.

[342] Talbot Imlay,“The Making of the Anglo-French Alliance,1938-39”,in Martin S.Alexander and W.J.Philpott,eds.,Anglo-French Defence Relations between the Wars,p.107.

[343] Brian Bond,British Military Policy between the Two World Wars,pp.272,279.

[344] CAB 24/283,C.P.28(39),Report of Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee:State of Preparedness of the Army in Relation to Its Role,25th January,1939.

[345] Talbot Imlay,“The Making of the Anglo-French Alliance,1938-39”,in Martin S.Alexander and W.J.Philpott,ed.,Anglo-French Defence Relations between the Wars,p.107.

[346] BDFA,Part 2,Series F,Vol.23,pp.219-224.

[347] CAB 53/44/7,C.O.S.833,Report by the Chiefs of Staff:The Strategic Position of France in a European War,1st Februrary,1939.

[348] CAB 53/44/4,C.O.S.829,Report of Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee:German Aggression against Holland,24th January,1939;CAB 24/282,C.P.20(39),German Aggression against Holland:Note by the Minister for Co-ordination of Defence,24th January,1939.

[349] CAB 53/44/4,C.O.S.830,Report of Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee:German Aggression against Holland,25th January,1939;CAB 24/282,C.P.3(39),Report by the Foreign Policy Committee,27th January,1939.

[350] CAB 23/97,C.C.2(39)1,25th January,1939.

[351] CAB 23/97,C.C.3(39)1,1st February,1939.

[352] CAB 24/282,C.P.27(39),Memorandum by the Secretary of State for War,13th December,1938.机动师的力量包括9个坦克营、1个装甲车团、2个步兵营和2个炮兵团,改编后的较小规模的2个机动师各有6个坦克营,其余组成力量作相应的分配。

[353] CAB 53/44/3,C.O.S.827,Report of Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee:State of Preparedness of the Army in Relation to Its Role,25th January,1939;CAB 24/283,C.P.28(39),Note by the Minister for Co-ordination of Defence,28th January,1939.

[354] CAB 24/283,C.P.34(39),Memorandum by the Secretary of State for War:Measures to Accelerate the Despatch of the Field Force to the Continent,1st February,1939.

[355] CAB 23/97,C.C.5(39)3,2nd February,1939.

[356] CAB 24/283,C.P.49(39),Memorandum by the Prime Minister:The State of Preparedness of the Army in Relation to Its Role,18th February,1939.

[357] CAB 23/97,C.C.8(39)6,22nd February,1939.

[358] [英]基斯·米德尔马斯:《绥靖战略》,复旦大学国际政治系译,上海译文出版社1978年版,第766页。

[359] Michael Howard,The Continental Commitment,p.128.

[360] CAB 23/98,C.C.15(39)5,29th March,1939.

[361] Robert Self,ed.,The Neville Chamberlain Diary Letters,Vol.4,Chamberlain to Hilda,19 Mar,1939,p.394.

[362] N.H.Gibbs,Grand Strategy,Vol.1,p.515.

[363] Robert Self,ed.,The Neville Chamberlain Diary Letters,Vol.4,Chamberlain to Hilda,1 Aug,1937,p.264.

[364] Brian Bond and Williamson Murray,“The British Armed Force,1918-39”,in Allan R.Millett and W.Murray,eds.,Military Effectiveness,Vol.2,Boston:Allen & Unwin,1990,p.100.

[365] Michael Howard,The Continental Commitment,pp.119-120,122.

[366] N.H.Gibbs,Grand Strategy,Vol.1,p.51.

[367] [英]W·N·梅德利科特:《英国现代史(1914—1964)》,第358页。

[368] [英]保罗·肯尼迪:《大国的兴衰》,第309页。

[369] Geoffrey P.Megargee,The Army before Last:British Military Policy,1919-1939 and Its Relevance for the U.S.Army Today,pp.10,22.

[370] Brian Bond,British Military Policy between the Two World Wars,p.289.

[371] Brian Bond,British Military Policy between the Two World Wars,pp.279,283,313,316.

[372] Michael Howard,The Continental Commitment,p.127.