引导主语从句的关联词有连词:that,whether;连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which;连接副词:when,where,why,how。如:
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。
What we need is money.我们需要的是钱。
When we arrive doesn’t matter.什么时候到没有关系。
注意:
1.that引导主语从句时,that没有意义,但不能省略。如:
That she is a rich woman is known to us all.众所周知,她是个富有的女人。
2.从句作主语时,多数情况下由 it 作形式主语,而把主语从句放在后面。
可用it 作形式主语的结构主要有下列几种:
(1)It is a fact(a shame,a pity,a good thing,a mistake,an honor,a truth,etc)that…
(2)It is true(clear,certain,obvious,likely,possible,probable,impossible,strange,wonderful,funny,surprising,etc)that…
(3)It seems(happened,appears,occurred to me,turned out,etc)that…
(4)It was reported(said,rumored,announced,arranged,decided,expected,stressed,emphasized,reiterated,etc)that…
(5)It is uncertain(doubtful,unknown,unclear,not known,not decided,a question,a mystery,secret,etc)+疑问代词或疑问副词引起的从句。
(6)It doesn’t matter(makes no difference,doesn’t affect us,is of little consequence,etc)+疑问代词或疑问副词引起的从句。如:
It is important that he should come on time.他按时来是很重要的。
It isn’t obvious which route would be best.哪条路线会是最好的还不明显。
3.whether 既可以引导主语从句也可以引导宾语从句,但if不能引导主语从句。whether 后面可以加or not,而if 不能与or not 连用。作介词宾语时不用if。如:
Whether I knew John doesn’t matter.═ It doesn’t matter whether I knew John.
我是否认识约翰没有关系。
Whether or not she’ll come isn’t clear.═ Whether she’ll come or not isn’t clear.═It isn’t clear whether… 她是否来还不清楚。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否我伤害了她的感情。
(宾语从句,介词宾语,不能用if 引导)
She asked me whether/if you were married.她问我你是否结婚了。
(宾语从句,既可以用whether,又可以用if 引导,注意时态的对应)