不规则变化动词(irregular verbs),或者说,所谓的强势动词(strong verbs)的过去式和过去分词的混用可能是粗心大意的演讲者和作家最常犯的错误了。要避免这类错误,必须知道这些动词的完全变化形态。这个知识并不难获得,因为这样的动词不过几百个,而在这几百个动词中只有很小一部分属于日常用词。以下是一些最常见的错误:
例45
I saw(我看到了)说成I seen(我看到了)
I did it(我做到了)说成I done it(我做到了)
I drank(我喝了)说成I drunk(我喝了)
I began(我开始了)说成I begun(我开始了)
I rang(我按了铃)说成I rung(我按了铃)
I ran(我跑了步)说成I run(我跑了步)
I sang(我唱了歌)说成I sung(我唱了歌)
I have chosen(我选择了)说成I have chose(我选择了)
I have driven(我开了)说成I have drove(我开了)
I have worn(我穿了)说成I have wore(我穿了)
I have trodden(我走了)说成I have trod(我走了)
I have shaken(我摇了)说成I have shook(我摇了)
I have fallen(我摔跤了)说成I have fell(我摔跤了)
I have drunk(我喝了)说成I have drank(我喝了)
I have begun(我开始了)说成I have began(我开始了)
I have rung(我按了铃)说成I have rang(我按了铃)
I have risen(我拿起了)说成I have rose(我拿起了)
I have spoken(我说了)说成I have spoke(我说了)
I have broken(我打坏了)说成I have broke(我打坏了)
It has frozen(它冻住了)说成It has froze(它冻住了)
It has blown(它吹走了)说成It has blowed(它吹走了)
It has flown(指鸟)(它飞走了)说成It has flowed(它飞走了)
注意——to hang的过去式和过去分词是hanged或hung。
例46
当你在谈论绞刑架上被绞死的人时,应该说:
He was hanged.(他被吊死了。)
当你谈论的是动物尸体时,应该说:
It was hung.(它被挂了起来。)
就像这句话一样:The beef was hung dry.(牛肉被挂起来晾干。)
另外,你的大衣was hung on a hook.(挂在钩子上。)