31. Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, p. 136.
32. Robert the Monk, I.1, p. 79.
33. 参见T. Head and R. Landes (eds.), Peace of God: Social violence and religious response in France around the year 1000 (Cambridge, 1992).
34. Ivo of Chartres, Panormia, VIII.147, in Patrologia Latina, 161, col. 1343 AC.
35. 参见Vauchez, 'Composantes eschatologiques', pp. 233–43; J. Rubenstein, 'How or How Much, to Re-evaluate Peter the Hermit', in S. Ridyard (ed.), The Medieval Crusade (Woodbridge, 2004), pp. 53–69; J. Flori, L'Islam et la fin des temps. L'interprétation prophétique des invasions musulmanes dans la chrétienté médiévale (Paris, 2007), pp. 111–47; and more generally, M?hring, Weltkaiser der Endzeit and Whalen, Dominion of God.
36. Lupus, Annales, MGH, SS, 5, p. 62.
37. Gilbert of Mons, 23, p. 25.
38. Theodore Skutariotes, Synopsis Khronike, in K. Sathas, Biblioteca Graeca Medii Aevi, 7 vols. (Paris, 1872–94), 7, pp. 184–5.
39. 关于这种及其他伪造的神圣遗物，参见Guibert of Nogent, De pigneribus sanctorum, ed. R. Huygens (Turnhout, 1993), I, pp. 98, 88.
40. Gesta Episcoporum Tullensium, in MGH, SS, 8, p. 647.
41. Anna Komnene, III.10, p. 103.
42. F-J. Schmale and I. Schmale-Ott (eds.), Frutolfs und Ekkehards Chroniken (Darmstadt, 1972), p. 96; Ekkehard of Aura, Chronicon Universale, in MGH, SS 6, p. 205. For the gifts recorded by Anna, Alexiad, III.10, p. 103.
43. G. Constable (ed. and tr.), The Letters of Peter the Venerable, 2 vols. (Cambridge, Mass., 1967), 2, p. 209.
44. Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, pp. 135–6.
45. Guibert of Nogent, I.5, p. 103.
46. Below, p. 106.
47. Miracula S Augustini episcopi Cantuariensis, in Acta Sanctorum, May, 6, p. 410.
48. Anna Komnene III.10, p. 102.
49. Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, p. 141.
50. Shepard, 'How St James the Persian's head was brought to Cormery', p. 299.
51. Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, p. 136.
52. Ibid., p. 142.
53. 阿莱克修斯对罗贝尔一世变得非常信任，据Guibert of Nogent, I.5, pp. 100–1.
54. Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, p. 133.
55. Guibert of Nogent, I.5, p. 101.
56. Bernold of Constance, p. 483.
57. Anna Komnene, VIII.5, p. 224.
58. Ekkehard of Aura, p. 136.
59. Otto of Freising, Chronicon, in MGH, SS 20, VII, p. 248.
60. Gregory VII, Register, I.18, p. 20. 阿莱克修斯皇帝信件的原件没能留存下来。
61. Gregory VII, Register, I.46, p. 51.
62. Gregory VII, Register, I.49, pp. 54–5.
63. Gregory VII, Register, II.31, pp. 122–3.
64. Gregory VII, Register, II.37, pp. 127–8.
65. Gregory VII, Register, II.3, p. 95.
66. Gregory VII, Register, I.46, p. 51.
67. Michael Psellos, Michaelis Pselli scripta minora magnam partem adhuc inedita, ed. E. Kurtz, 2 vols. (Milan, 1936–41), 1, pp. 329–34.
68. Gregory VII, Register, II.3, p. 95. See here H. Cowdrey, 'Pope Gregory VII's "Crusading" plans of 1074', in B. Kedar, H. Mayer and R. Smail (eds.), Outremer: Studies in the history of the Crusading kingdom of Jeruslalem (Jerusalem, 1982), pp. 27–40, and Becker, Papst Urban II, 2, pp. 294–300.
69. Bernold of Constance, p. 520.
70. Ibid.
71. Fulcher of Chartres, I.1.iii, p. 62.
第7章 西方的回应
1. 参见Riley-Smith, First Crusade, pp. 13–30; Tyerman, God's War, pp. 58–89.
2. 有关乌尔班二世的巡游, 参见Becker, Papst Urban II, vol. 2, pp. 435–58.
3. Gregory VII, Register, 1.46, p. 50; Devic and Vaissete, Histoire générale de Languedoc, 3, p. 465
4. Devic and Vaissete, Histoire générale de Languedoc, 5, pp. 747–8.
5. Gregory VII, Register, 1.46, p. 50; 8.16, pp. 381–2.
6. Patrologia Latina, 151, col. 562.
7. Annales Besuenses, MGH, SS, 2, p. 250; Annales S. Benigni Divionensis, MGH, SS, 5, p 43.
8. Patrologia Latina, 150, col. 1388; 151, col. 422.
9. Robert the Monk, I.1 pp. 80–1.
10. Robert the Monk, I.2, pp. 81–2; Fulcher of Chartres, I.4.iv, p. 68; Guibert of Nogent, II.5, p. 117. 虽然有关教皇在克莱蒙演讲的主要记述文献是若干年后写就的，但有关东方受难的消息在当时的文献中已经能够发现,例如, Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, pp. 136, 137–8; Wiederhold, 'Papsturkunden in Florenz', pp. 313–14; Kehr, Papsturkunden in Spanien, pp. 287–8; Halphen and Poupardin, Chronique des comtes d'Anjou, pp. 237–8.
11. Baldric of Dol, IV, pp. 15–16.
12. Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, pp. 136–7
13. Baldric of Dol, IV, p. 16.
14. Baldric of Dol, Vita Beati Roberti de Arbisello, Patrologia Latina 162, cols. 1050–1.
15. Hugh of Flavigny, Chronicon, MGH, SS, 8, pp. 474–5.
16. Bull, Knightly Piety, pp. 250–81.
17. 关于乌尔班二世的指令，参见Baldric of Dol, I, p. 15.
18. S. d'Elbenne and L-J. Dennis (eds.), Cartulaire du chapitre royal de Saint-Pierre de la Cour du Mans (Paris, 1903–7), no. 11, p. 15.
19. J. Richard, 'Le Cartulaire de Marcigny-sur-Loire 1045–1144. Essai de reconstitution d'un manuscript disparu', Analecta burgundica (1957), 119, p. 87.
20. B. de Broussillon, Cartulaire de Saint-Aubin d'Angers (1903), 1, no. 354, p. 407.
21. Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, p. 136.
22. Ibid., pp. 137–8.
23. Chronica Monasterii Casinensis, IV.11, p. 475. 关于所提供的精神奖赏，Riley-Smith, First Crusade, pp. 13–30.
24. Kehr, Papsturkunden in Spanien, p. 287.
25. H. Cowdrey, 'Martyrdom and the First Crusade', in Edbury, Crusade and Settlement, pp. 45–56; J. Flori, 'L'example de la Première Croisade', Cahiers de civilisation médiévale 34 (1991), pp. 121–39; C. Morris, 'Martyrs of the field of battle before and during the First Crusade', Studies in Church History 30 (1993), pp. 93–104.
26. Guérard, Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Victor de Marseilles, 1, pp. 167–8.
27. C. Métais, Cartulaire de l'abbaye de la Sainte Trinité de Vend?me, 4 vols. (Paris, 1893–1900), 2, p. 39; V. Thuillier (ed.), Ouvrages posthumes de D. Jean Mabillon et D. Thierri Ruinart, 3 vols. (Paris, 1724), 3, pp. 387–90; P. Jaffé (ed.), Regesta Pontificum Romanorum, 2 vols. (Leipzig, 1885–8), 1, nos. 5656, 5649; 5647.
28. Gesta Francorum, I, p. 2; Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, p. 137.
29. H. Klein, 'Eastern Objects and Western Desires: Relics and Reliquaries between Byzantium and the West', Dumbarton Oaks Papers 58 (2004), pp. 283–314.
30. Halphen and Poupardin, Chronique des comtes d'Anjou, pp. 237–8.
31. A. Gieysztor, 'The Genesis of the Crusades: The Encyclical of Sergius IV', Medievalia et Humanistica 5 (1949), pp. 2–23 and 6 (1950), pp. 3–34. However, also see H. Schaller, 'Zur Kreuzzugsenzyklika Papst Sergius IV', in H. Mordek (ed.), Papsttum, Kirche und Recht im Mittelalter. Festschrift für Horst Fuhrmann (Tübingen, 1991), pp. 135–54.
32. Recueil des chartes de Cluny, 5, no. 3703.
33. Ibid., nos. 3737, 3755.
34. Ibid., no. 3712.
35. R. Ju?nin, Nouvelle histoire de l'abbaie royale et collégiale de Saint Filibert, 2 vols. (Dijon, 1733), 2, p. 135.
36. Robert the Monk, I.2, p. 82; Fulcher of Chartres, I.4.iv, p. 68; Guibert of Nogent, II.5, p. 117; Gesta Francorum, I, p. 7.
37. C. Chevalier, 'Cartulaire de l'abbaye de St. Chaffre du Monastier', in Collection de cartulaires dauphinois (Paris, 1869–1912), 8, pp. 139–41. 关于这些以及其他更多的例子，Riley-Smith, First Crusade, pp. 31ff.
38. E. Poncelet (ed.), Cartulaire de l'Eglise St Lambert de Liège, 5 vols. (Brussels,1869), 1, p. 47.
39. Orderic Vitalis, IX.3, 5, pp. 26, 32; Hugh of Flavigny, II, pp. 474–5.
40. Guibert of Nogent, II, 17, pp. 133–4.
41. 关于菲利普一世所受的绝罚，Somerville, Councils of Urban II, pp. 87, 97, 98. 有关贝特拉达的风评很差，Chronica de gestis consulum Andegavorum, in Halphen and Poupardin, Chronique des comtes d'Anjou, p. 67; 关于菲利普一世以自己的妻子荷兰的贝尔塔太胖为由抛弃她，参见William of Malmesbury, 3.257, p. 474.
42. Guibert of Nogent, II.17, pp. 133–4; Mansi, Sacrorum Concilium Amplissima Collectio 20, col. 937; J. Verdon (ed.), Chronique de Saint-Maixent (Paris, 1979), p. 154; Somerville, Councils of Urban II, p. 90.
43. Gesta Francorum, I, p. 7.
44. Robert the Monk, II.3, pp. 91–2.
45. Codice Diplomatico Barese, 5, p. 41.
46. Anna Komnene, XIII.11, pp. 383–4.
47. Anna Komnene, V.6, p. 144.
48. 据一位阿拉伯作者所言，罗杰拒绝与十字军东征行动有任何牵扯，当他听闻了最初的计划时，“抬起腿放了一个响屁”——这个细节Ibn al-Athir是在讲到针对北非而不是耶路撒冷的行动时谈到的。这个非常有趣的故事反映了罗杰不愿意惹恼那些让西西里变得如此富裕的穆斯林商人们。AH 491/Dec. 1097–Dec. 1098, p. 13.
49. Jaffe, Regesta pontificum Romanorum, no. 5608; Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, p. 136.
50. Guérard, Cartulaire de Saint-Victor, p. 802.
51. Anna Komnene, X.7, pp. 279–80.
52. Albert of Aachen, I.23, p. 96; Guibert of Nogent, VII.31, p. 328.
53. Barber and Bate, Letters, p. 22.
54. Patrologia Latina, 157, col. 162B.
55. Robert the Monk, I.2, pp. 81–2.
56. Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny, 5, p. 51.
57. Wiederhold, 'Papsturkunden', pp. 313–14.
58. Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, p. 137.
59. Devic and Vaissete, Histoire générale de Languedoc, 5, pp. 757–8.
60. Bernold of Constance, p. 520.
61. 例如，Fulcher of Chartres, I.4, p. 68; Baldric of Dol, I, pp. 15–16.
62. Robert the Monk, II.2, p. 82.
63. 例如1096年春在马尔穆捷和图尔。Halphen and Poupardin, Chronique des comtes d'Anjou, pp. 237–8; O. Guillot, Le Comte d'Anjou et son entourage au XIe siècle (Paris, 1972), p. 242.
64. 参见W. Purkiss, Crusading Spirituality in the Holy Land and Iberia, c.1095–c.1187 (Woodbridge, 2008), esp. pp. 120–38.
65. Anna Komnene XI.1, p. 297. Also Gesta Francorum, II, p. 16; Albert of Aachen, I.15, pp. 283–4.
66. 关于这座修道院建立的时间，参见J. Gay, 'L'abbaye de Cluny et Byzance au début du XII siècle', Echos d'Orient 30 (1931), pp. 84–90, 但可另见J. Shepard, 'The "muddy road" of Odo of Arpin from Bourges to La Charité sur Loire', in P. Edbury and J. Phillips (eds.), The Experience of Crusading: Defining the Crusader Kingdom (Cambridge, 2003), p. 23.
67. Anna Komnene, X.5, p. 276.
68. Albert of Aachen, II.7, p. 70.
69. Albert of Aachen, II.17, p. 86.
70. Albert of Aachen, II.7, pp. 70–2.
71. Robert the Monk, II.11, p. 95.
72. Raymond of Aguilers, I, pp. 16–17.
73. Raymond of Aguilers, I, p. 17.
74. Raymond of Aguilers, I, p. 17.
75. 有关参加的人数，参见France, Victory in the East, pp. 122–42; B. Bachrach, 'The siege of Antioch: A study in military demography', War in History 6 (1999), pp. 127–46; J. Riley-Smith, 'Casualties and the number of knights on the First Crusade', Crusades 1 (2002), pp. 13–28.
76. Fulcher of Chartres, I.6.ix, p. 73.
77. Fulcher of Chartres, I.13.iv, p. 88.
78. Anna Komnene, X.5, p. 274.
79. Anna Komnene, X.5.vi, p. 275.
第8章 去往帝都
1. Robert the Monk, I.5, p. 83.
2. Albert of Aachen, I.2, pp. 2–4; Guibert of Nogent, II, p. 121.
3. William of Tyre, I.3, 1, p. 108; Albert of Aachen, I.2–3, p. 4; Anna Komnene, X.5, p. 275. 关于隐修者彼得，参见J. Flori, Pierre l'Eremite et la Première Croisade (Paris, 1999).
4. Albert of Aachen, I.3, pp. 4–6; Guibert of Nogent, II.8, p. 142.
5. 例如 J. Flori, 'Faut-il réhabiliter Pierre l'Eremite', Cahiers de civilisation médiévale 38 (1995), pp. 35–54.
6. Albert of Aachen, I.26–8, pp. 50–2. 参见B. Kedar, 'Crusade Historians and the Massacres of 1096', Jewish History 12 (1998), pp. 11–31; R. Chazan, God, Humanity and History: The Hebrew First Crusade Narratives (Berkeley, 2000) 以及id., '"Let Not a Remnant or a Residue Escape": Millenarian Enthusiasm in the First Crusade', Speculum 84 (2009), pp. 289–313. 此处还可参见M. Gabriele, 'Against the Enemies of Christ: The Role of Count Emicho in the Anti-Jewish Violence of the First Crusade', in M. Frassetto (ed.), Christian Attitudes towards the Jews in the Middle Ages: A Casebook (Abingdon, 2007), pp. 61–82.
7. Albert of Aachen, I.26–7, pp. 50–2. Also Chronicle of Solomon bar Simson, tr. S. Eidelberg, The Jews and the Crusaders (Madison, 1977), pp. 28ff.
8. Solomon bar Simson, pp. 24–5.
9. 例如，Siegebert of Gembloux, in MGH, SS, 6, p. 367; Richard of Poitiers, Cruce signato, in M. Bouquet et al. (eds.), Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France, 24 vols. (Paris, 1737–1904), 12, p. 411.
10. Hugh of Flavigny, Chronicon Virdunensi, in Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France, 13, p. 623. 此处相关的很多其他例子，N. Golb, The Jews in Medieval Normandy (Cambridge, 1998), pp. 119–27.
11. Guibert of Nogent, II.9, p. 123.
12. Anna Komnene, X.5, p. 274.
13. Albert of Aachen, I.29, p. 54.
14. Albert of Aachen, I.6, pp. 10–12, and Orderic Vitalis, IX.4, 5, p. 30.
15. Albert of Aachen, I.9, p. 18.
16. Anna Komnene, X.5, pp. 275–6; John Zonaras, XVIII.23, 3, p. 742.
17. Gesta Francorum, I, p. 3.
18. Anna Komnene, X.6, p. 277.
19. Gesta Francorum, I, p. 3; Robert the Monk, I.7, p. 85.
20. Gesta Francorum, I, pp. 3–4.
21. Albert of Aachen, I.21, p. 42.
22. Gesta Francorum, I, p. 4.
23. Robert the Monk, I.9, p. 86.
24. Gesta Francorum, I, pp. 4–5; Robert the Monk, I.12, p. 87.
25. Gesta Francorum, I, p. 4; Anna Komnene, X.6, p. 278.
26. Anna Komnene, X.6, p. 279.
27. Guibert of Nogent, II.10, p. 124.
28. Gesta Francorum, I, p. 5. 关于有关第一次十字军东征的第一批记述文献，尤其是《法兰克人事迹》在20世纪初欧洲的重要性，参见J. France, 'The Anonymous Gesta Francorum and the Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem of Raymond of Aguilers and the Historia de Hierosolymitano itinere of Peter Tudebode: An analysis of the textual relationship between primary sources for the First Crusade', in J. France and W. Zajac (eds.), The Crusades and their Sources. Essays presented to Bernard Hamilton (Aldershot, 1998), pp. 39–69, and also Rubenstein, 'What is the Gesta Francorum？', pp. 179–204.
29. Anna Komnene, X.7, p. 279.
30. Ibid., p. 280.
31. Ibid.
32. Anna Komnene, X.8, p. 281.
33. Fulcher of Chartres, I.6, p. 72; Anna Komnene, X.7, pp. 279–80.
34. Albert of Aachen, II.7, pp. 70–2.
35. Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, p. 143; C. de Coussemaker, 'Documents relatifs à la Flandre maritime. Extraits du cartulaire de l'abbaye de Watten', Annales du comité flamand de France, 10 vols. (Paris, 1860), 5, p. 359.
36. Fulcher of Chartres, I.8.i–ix, pp. 76–8.
37. Gesta Francorum, II, p. 11; Albert of Aachen, II.18, p. 88; Historia Belli Sacri, RHC, Occ., 3, p. 177.
38. Anna Komnene, X.8, pp. 281–4.
39. Raymond of Aguilers, II, p. 21.
40. Gesta Francorum, II, p. 10.
41. Gesta Francorum, I, p. 8.
42. Nesbitt, 'Rate of march', pp. 167–82.
43. Gesta Francorum, II, p. 10.
44. Raymond of Aguilers, I, p. 18; J. Shepard, '"Father" or "Scorpion"？ Style and substance in Alexios' diplomacy', in M. Mullett and D. Smythe (eds.), Alexios I Komnenos – Papers (Belfast, 1996), pp. 80–2.
45. Anna Komnene, X.9, p. 285.
46. Ibid.
47. Anna Komnene, X.7, p. 280; X.11, p. 292; Gesta Francorum, I, pp. 5–6; II, p. 11.
48. Raymond of Aguilers, II, p. 22.
49. Barber and Bate, Letters, p. 16.
50. Ibid., pp. 15–16.
51. Fulcher of Chartres, I.9.iii, p. 80.
52. Ralph of Caen, 18, p. 42.
53. De Cerimoniis, II.15, 2, p. 597.
54. P. Chiesa (ed.), Liudprandi Cremonensis. Antapodosis; Homelia paschalis; Historia Ottonis; Relatio de Legatione Constantinopolitana (Turnhout, 1997), Relatio, I.1, pp. 238–9.
55. Ibid., Antapodosis,VI.5, pp. 197–8.
56. Anna Komnene, X.10, pp. 291– 2. 关于阿莱克修斯的方法，参见Shepard,'"Father"or"Scorpion"？', pp. 60–132.
57. Anna Komnene, XIII.10, pp. 383–4.
58. Anna Komnene, X.11, p. 292.
59. Ibid., pp. 292–3.
60. Ibid., p. 293.
61. Ibid., pp. 293–4.
62. Barber and Bate, Letters, pp. 15–16.
63. Albert of Aachen, II.17, p. 86.
64. Anna Komnene, XIV.4, p. 411.
65. Anna Komnene, X.9, pp. 285–6.
66. Robert the Monk, II.9, p. 94; Albert of Aachen, II.12–14, pp. 78–82; Anna Komnene, X.9, pp. 286–8.
67. Albert of Aachen, I.12, p. 78.
68. Albert of Aachen, II.12, p. 78.
69. Albert of Aachen, II.16, p. 84.
70. Ibid.
71. Ibid., pp. 84–6.
72. Fulcher of Chartres, I.9.iii, p. 80.
73. Gesta Francorum, II, p. 12.
74. Fulcher of Chartres, I.8.ix, p. 78.
75. Anna Komnene, X.9, p. 285.
76. Michael the Syrian, XV.6, 3, p. 179.
77. Anna Komnene, X.9, pp. 285–6.
78. Albert of Aachen, II.10, p. 74.
79. Anna Komnene, X.9, p. 285.
80. Ekkehard of Aura, pp. 166–7.
81. Albert of Aachen, II.16, pp. 84–6. 此处另可参见E. Patlagean, 'Christianisation et parentés rituelles: le domaine de Byzance', Annales ESC 33 (1978), pp. 625–36; R. Macrides, 'Kinship by arrangement: The case of adoption', Dumbarton Oaks Papers 44 (1990), pp. 109–18.
82. S. Reynolds, Fiefs and Vassals: The Medieval Evidence Reinterpreted (Oxford, 1994).
83. Anna Komnene, XIII.12, p. 386. 关于誓言内容参见J. Pryor, 'The oath of the leaders of the Crusade to the emperor Alexius Comnenus: Fealty, homage', Parergon New Series 2 (1984), pp. 111–41.
84. Gesta Francorum, II, pp. 11–12.
85. Fulcher of Chartres, I.9.iii, p. 80.
86. Gesta Francorum, II, p. 12.
87. Anna Komnene, X.11, pp. 294–5.
88. J. Shepard, 'When Greek meets Greek: Alexius Comnenus and Bohemund in 1097–8', Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 12 (1988), pp. 185–277.
89. Anna Komnene, X.9, p. 289.
90. Raymond of Aguilers, II, p. 23.
91. Ibid., p. 24. Also Gesta Francorum, II, p. 13.
92. Gesta Francorum, II, p. 12.
93. Raymond of Aguilers, II, p. 24.
94. Anna Komnene, X.9, p. 289.
95. Ibn a-Qalanisi, AH 490/Dec. 1096–Dec. 1097, p. 43
96. Ibn al-Athir, AH 491/Dec. 1096–Dec. 1097, p. 14.
97. Gesta Francorum, II, p. 11.
98. Anna Komnene, XI.2, p. 300.
第9章 初次遇敌
1. Barber and Bate, Letters, p. 16.
2. 例如Gesta Francorum, II, p. 14; Albert of Aachen, II.29, p. 110.
3. Albert of Aachen, I.15, p. 30.
4. Albert of Aachen, II.28, p. 110.
5. Raymond of Aguilers, III, p. 26; Constable, Letters of Peter the Venerable, 2, p. 209; P. Magdalino, The Empire of Manuel I Komnenos, 1143– 80 (Cambridge, 1993), p. 44. Also see J. Shepard, 'Cross-purposes: Alexius Comnenus and the First Crusade', in Phillips (ed.), The First Crusade, p. 120, and n. 65.
6. Anna Komnene, XI.2, p. 300.
7. Gesta Francorum, II, p. 15.
8. Raymond of Aguilers, III, p. 25. 关于尼西亚的防御参见A. Schneider and W. Karnapp, Die Stadtmauer von Iznik-Nicea (Berlin, 1938); C. Foss and D. Winfield, Byzantine Fortifications (Pretoria, 1986), pp. 79–121; R. Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare in the 12th Century (Oxford, 1992), pp. 17– 25.
9. Gesta Francorum, II, p. 15.
10. Albert of Aachen, II.29, p. 110–12; II.22, p. 96.
11. Albert of Aachen, II.33, pp. 116–18.
12. Matthew of Edessa, II.108, p. 163; Anna Komnene, VI.12, p. 179.
13. Albert of Aachen, II.34, pp. 118–20; Fulcher of Chartres, I.10.vii, p. 82.
14. Anna Komnene, XI.1, p. 298.
15. Ibid., p. 299.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid., pp. 297–8.
18. Albert of Aachen II.25–6, pp. 102–4.
19. Anna Komnene XI.2, p. 300.
20. Ibid., p. 301.
21. Anna Komnene, XI.2.vi, p. 327.
22. Ibn al-Qalanisi, AH 490/Dec. 1096–Dec. 1097, p. 41.
23. C. Foss, 'Byzantine responses to Turkish Attacks: Some sites of Asia Minor', in I. Sevcenko and I. Hutter, Aetos: Studies in Honour of Cyril Mango (Stuttgart, 1998), pp. 155–8.
24. Barber and Bate, Letters, p. 19.
25. Anna Komnene, XI.2, pp. 303–4.
26. Anna Komnene, XI.3, p. 304: Fulcher of Chartres, I.10.x, p. 83.
27. Barber and Bate, Letters, p. 19. 后来的作者也集中关注尼西亚的命运之争作为对阿莱克修斯的态度发生转变的转折点，e.g. Orderic Vitalis, IX.8, 5, p. 56.
28. Anna Komnene, XI.3, p. 304.
29. Ralph of Caen, 10, pp. 31–2.
30. Anna Komnene, XI.3, pp. 304–5; Ralph of Caen, 18, p. 42.
31. Guibert of Nogent, IV.10, p. 81.
32. Anna Komnene, XI.3, p. 304.
33. Raymond of Aguilers, II, p. 23.
34. Anna Komnene, X.2, p. 264.
35. Fulcher of Chartres, I.11.i, p. 83.
36. Anna Komnene, XI.5, pp. 309–12.
37. Fulcher of Chartres, I.13.i, p. 87; Shephard, '"Father" or "Scorpion"', p. 88.
38. Anna Komnene, XI.2, p. 301; XI.5, pp. 309–10.
39. Anna Komnene, XI.5, pp. 309–12.
40. 安娜·科穆宁娜写错了这段故事的时间——察卡之死显然是在拜占庭收复士麦那之后，而不是之前。 Anna Komnene, IX.3, pp. 243–4.
41. Ibid., p. 244.
42. Fulcher of Chartres, I.11.vi, p. 85.
43. Gesta Francorum, III, p. 18; Ralph of Caen, 40, p. 65; Fulcher of Chartres, I.11.ix, pp. 85–6.
44. Fulcher of Chartres, I.11.viii, p. 85.
45. Gesta Francorum, III, pp. 19–20.
46. Fulcher of Chartres, I.12.iv–v, p. 87.
47. Gesta Francorum, III, p. 21.
48. Albert of Aachen, II.22, p. 94. 阿尔伯特还称乞力赤·阿尔斯兰“了不起”，I.16, p. 32; 同样的评价也在更东边的地方给予了另一位突厥人达尼什蒙德，阿尔伯特称他“也值得赞赏”。IX.33, p. 680.
49. Anna Komnene, X.10, pp. 291–2.
50. Gesta Francorum, IV, p. 24.
51. Ibn al-Qalanisi, AH 490/Dec. 1096–Dec. 1097, p. 42.
52. Gesta Francorum, IV, p. 26.
53. Ibid., p. 25.
54. Albert of Aachen, III.10, pp. 152–4.
55. Albert of Aachen, III.3, p. 140; Ralph of Caen, 23, p. 47.
56. Albert of Aachen, III.3–18, pp. 140–66.
57. Anna Komnene, X.10, p. 291.
58. Raymond of Aguilers, IV, p. 37.
59. Matthew of Edessa, II.104–8, pp. 161–4; II.117–18, pp. 168–70; Fulcher of Chartres, I.14.i–xv, pp. 88–92; Albert of Aachen, II.19–24, pp. 169–77.
60. Fulcher, I.14.xi, p. 91.
61. W. Saunders, 'The Greek inscript-ion on the Harran gate at Edessa: Some further evidence', Byzantinsche Forschungen 21 (1995), pp. 301–4.
62. Albert of Aachen, III.19, p. 168.
63. Guibert of Nogent, VII.39, pp. 338–9.
64. 例如，Albert of Aachen, IV.9, p. 262; VII.31, p. 528; Guibert of Nogent, VII.39, p. 338; Orderic Vitalis, IX.11, 5, pp. 118–20.
65. 于是Guibert of Nogent, VII.37, p. 335.
66. Albert of Aachen, III.31, p. 361.
67. Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare, pp. 25–39.
68. Fulcher of Chartres, I.15.ii, p. 92.
69. Gesta Francorum, V, p. 28.
70. Raymond of Aguilers, VI, p. 49.
71. Anna Komnene, XI.7, p. 317. 关于任命尤迈西奥斯·费罗卡勒斯到塞浦路斯,IX.2.P242。
72. Ibn al-Qalanisi, AH 490/Dec. 1096–Dec. 1097, p. 242.
73. Fulcher of Chartres, I.16.ii, p. 96.
74. Albert of Aachen, III.46, pp. 208–10.
75. Albert of Aachen, V.1, p. 338.
76. Matthew of Edessa, II.114, pp. 167–8.
77. Fulcher of Chartres, I.16.iii, p. 96.
78. Gesta Francorum, V, pp. 30–1.
79. Raymond of Aguilers, VI, p. 39.
80. Gesta Francorum, V, pp. 36–7.
81. Ibid., p. 37.
82. Ibid.
第10章 为十字军的灵魂而战
1. Raymond of Aguilers, IV, p. 36.
2. Guibert of Nogent, V.6, p. 206.
3. Gesta Francorum, VI, p. 33.
4. Guibert of Nogent, V.14, p. 217.
5. Albert of Aachen, IV.39, pp. 308–10; Gesta Francorum, IX, p. 59.
6. Raymond of Aguilers, IV, p. 35; Gesta Francorum, V, p. 30.
7. Gesta Francorum, IX, p. 63; Ralph of Caen, 58, p. 84; Albert of Aachen, IV.13, pp. 266–8.
8. Ralph of Caen, 58, p. 84.
9. Guibert of Nogent, II.16, pp. 132–3.
10. Kemal ad-Din, 'La Chronique d'Alep', RHC, Or., p. 578; Anonymi Florinensis brevis narratio Belli sacri, RHC, Occ., 5, p. 371; Ralph of Caen, 58, p. 84.
11. Caffaro, De liberatione civitatum orientis, in RHC, Occ., 5, p. 66. 关于从塞浦路斯来的给养，另可参见Baldric of Dol, p. 65; Raymond of Aguilers, VII, p. 54; Ralph of Caen, 58, p. 84.
12. Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, p. 166.
13. Gesta Francorum, VI, pp. 34–5; Raymond of Aguilers, IV, p. 37.
14. Albert of Aachen, IV.40, pp. 310–12.
15. Raymond of Aguilers, IV, p. 37. J. France, 'The departure of Tatikios from the Crusader army', Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 44 (1971), pp. 137–47.
16. Gesta Francorum, VI, pp. 34–5.
17. Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, pp. 165–6; Ralph of Caen, 58, p. 84.
18. 这在后来关于十字军的记述中通过其他例子得到了响应。例如，奥德里克·维塔利斯称，憎恨阿莱克修斯的最初的种子是在尼西亚种下的，当时他获得了城市，而十字军却付出了沉重的代价：给养消耗，人员伤亡，两相形成鲜明对比。IX.8，5，P56。
19. Shepard, 'When Greek meets Greek', pp. 188–277.
20. Gesta Francorum, VIII, pp. 44–5; Albert of Aachen, IV.15, p. 270; Ralph of Caen, 64–5, pp. 89–90; William of Tyre, IV.24, pp. 267–8; cf. Anna Komnene, XI.4, pp. 307–8.
21. Gesta Francorum, V, p. 45; Fulcher of Chartres, I.19.i, p. 101; Anna Komnene, XI.6, p. 312. Also Barber and Bate, Letters, p. 28; Matthew of Edessa, II.119, p. 170.
22. Gesta Francorum, VI, p. 44; Fulcher of Chartres, I.17, p. 98; Matthew of Edessa, II.120, p. 170; Ibn al-Qalanisi, AH 491/Dec. 1097–Dec. 1098, p. 45. 费鲁兹被指为突厥人。Raymond of Aguilers, VI, p. 47; Albert of Aachen, III.61, p. 234. Ibn al-Athir谈到了费鲁兹所起的作用以及他的报酬。 AH 491/Dec. 1097–Dec. 1098, pp. 14–15; Kemal ad-Din, p. 580.
23. Anna Komnene, V.6, p. 144.
24. Raymond of Aguilers, IV, p. 37.
25. Gesta Francorum, VIII, p. 45; Albert of Aachen, IV.14–15, pp. 270–2; Ralph of Caen, 65, p. 654.
26. Gesta Francorum, VIII, p. 46.
27. Raymond of Aguilers, VI, p. 47.
28. Albert of Aachen, IV.20, p. 278.
29. Raymond of Aguilers, VI, p. 47; Albert of Aachen, IV.21, p. 280.
30. Gesta Francorum, VII, p. 47.
31. Gesta Francorum, VIII, p. 48.
32. Albert of Aachen, IV.26, p. 286.
33. Gesta Francorum, IX, p. 62.
34. Albert of Aachen, IV.34, pp. 298–300; Raymond of Aguilers, VIII, p. 59; Ibn al-Athir, AH 491/Dec. 1097–Dec. 1098, p. 16.
35. Fulcher of Chartres, I.19.iii, p. 101.
36. 关于圣枪的发现及其对十字军的影响，参见T. Asbridge, 'The Holy Lance of Antioch: Power, devotion and memory on the First Crusade', Reading Medieval Studies 33 (2007), pp. 3–36.
37. Albert of Aachen, IV.46, p. 320.
38. Fulcher of Chartres, I.22.ii, p. 104; Gesta Francorum, IX, pp. 67–8.
39. Fulcher of Chartres, I.22.v, p. 105.
40. Raymond of Aguilers, VIII, p. 61.
41. Fulcher of Chartres, I.23.iv–v, p. 106.
42. Raymond of Aguilers, VIII, pp. 63–4.
43. Gesta Francorum, IX, pp. 69–70.
44. Albert of Aachen, IV.53, pp. 330–2.
45. Ibn al-Athir, AH 491/Dec. 1097–Dec. 1098, pp. 16–17.
46. Raymond of Aguilers, IX, p. 65.
47. Robert the Monk, II.2, p. 90.
48. Albert of Aachen, V.15, p. 396.
49. Albert of Aachen, IV.9, pp. 260–2; Raymond of Aguilers, X, pp. 73–4.
50. Albert of Aachen, V.15, p. 357; Gesta Francorum, X, pp. 73–4.
51. Raymond of Aguilers, X, p. 75.
52. Gesta Francorum, IX, p. 63.
53. Anna Komnene, XI.6, p. 313.
54. Raymond of Aguilers, IV, p. 37.
55. Gesta Francorum, X, p. 72; Fulcher of Chartres, I.23.viii, p. 107.
56. Albert of Aachen, V.3, pp. 340–2.
57. Raymond of Aguilers, IX, pp. 67–8.
58. Ralph of Caen, 51, p. 77.
59. S. Duparc-Quioc (ed.), La Chanson d'Antioche, 2 vols. (Paris, 1976), 1, laisse 175.
60. Raymond of Aguilers, IV, p. 34.
61. Raymond of Aguilers, IX, p. 84.
62. Barber and Bate, Letters, pp. 32–3.
63. Ibid., p. 33; also Fulcher of Chartres, I.24.xiii–xiv, pp. 111–12.
64. 同上。富歇没有写最后一段。below, p. 203
65. Raymond of Aguilers, X, pp. 74–5; Gesta Francorum, X, pp. 75–6, 80–1.
66. Gesta Francorum, X, pp. 75–6.
67. Raymond of Aguilers, X, p. 80.
68. Gesta Francorum, X, p. 80; Fulcher of Chartres, I.25.ii, p. 112.
69. Gesta Francorum, X, pp. 82, 86; Raymond of Aguilers, XI, pp. 87, 91.
70. Raymond of Aguilers, XIII, p. 105.
第11章 十字军离析
1. Albert of Aachen, V.45, p. 402.
2. Ralph of Caen, 120, pp. 136–7; Baldric of Dol, IV.12, p. 100; Albert of Aachen,VI.2, p. 406.
3. Raymond of Aguilers, XIV, p. 119.
4. Gesta Francorum, X, pp. 88–9; Albert of Aachen, VI.5, p. 410; Raymond of Aguilers, XIV, pp. 119–20.
5. France, Victory in the East, pp. 122–42.
6. Fulcher of Chartres, I.27.iv, p. 119.
7. Albert of Aachen, VI.6, pp. 410–12. Also Gesta Francorum, X, p. 89; Raymond of Aguilers, XIV, p. 118.
8. Fulcher of Chartres, I.26.i, p. 116.
9. Gesta Francorum, X, p. 89.
10. Raymond of Aguilers, XIII, p. 114.
11. Albert of Aachen, VI.8, pp. 412–14.
12. Gesta Francorum, X, p. 90; Raymond of Aguilers, XIV, p. 124.
13. Raymond of Aguilers, XIV, pp. 124–5; Ralph of Caen, 125, pp. 140–2; Gesta Francorum, X, p. 90.
14. Albert of Aachen, VI.10, p. 416; Ralph of Caen, 124, pp. 139–40.
15. Gesta Francorum, X, pp. 91–2; Ibn al-Athir, AH 492/Dec. 1098–Dec. 1099, p. 21.
16. Gesta Francorum, X, pp. 79–80.
17. Raymond of Aguilers, XIV, p. 127.
18. Gesta Francorum, X, p. 92.
19. Fulcher of Chartres, I.27.xiii, p. 122.
20. B. Kedar, 'The Jerusalem Massacre of July 1099 in the Western Historiography of the First Crusade', Crusades 3 (2004), pp. 15–75.
21. Ibn al-Athir, AH 492/Dec. 1098–Dec. 1099, p. 21.
22. S. Goitein, 'Contemporary letters on the capture of Jerusalem', Journal of Jewish Studies 3 (1952), pp. 162–77.
23. Fulcher of Chartres, I.28.i, p. 122.
24. Fulcher of Chartres, I.29.i, p. 123.
25. S. Goitein, 'Tyre–Tripoli–'Arqa: Geniza documents from the beginning of the Crusade period', Jewish Quarterly Review 66 (1975), pp. 69–88.
26. Raymond of Aguilers, XIV, p. 128, citing Isaiah 65:17, Psalms 118:24.
27. Naser-e Khusraw's Book of Travels (Safarnama), tr. W. Thackston (New York, 1986), p. 21. 这一时期有很多朝圣指南是为前往耶路撒冷的穆斯林访客所写的，其中一个有代表性的例子是Ibn al-Murajja的，写于11世纪上半叶。 E. Amikam, Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic Worship (Leiden, 1995), pp. 68–78.
28. M. Gil, A History of Palestine, 634–1099 (Cambridge, 1997), p. 191, n. 67.
29. M-L. Favreau-Lilie, Die Italiener im Heiligen Land vom ersten Kreuzzug bis zum Tode Heinrichs von Champagne (1098–1197) (Amsterdam, 1988).
30. Barber and Bate, Letters, p. 24; William of Tyre, IV.24, 1, pp. 267–8. Also note Gesta Francorum,VI, pp. 37–8; Raymond of Aguilers, V, pp. 40–1.
31. Fulcher of Chartres, I.31.i–xii, pp. 125–8; P. Tudebode, pp. 146–7; Albert of Aachen, VI.45–50, pp. 464–70.
32. Barber and Bate, Letters,, pp. 37–8.
33. 关于1101年的征讨，参见Riley-Smith, First Crusade, pp. 120–34.
34. Albert of Aachen, VII.20, p. 512; Fulcher of Chartres, I.36.i, p. 136; Matthew of Edessa, II.132, p. 176.
35. 博希蒙德被俘，参见Fulcher of Chartres, I.35.iii, p. 135; Albert of Aachen, VII.29, p. 526; Matthew of Edessa, II.134, p. 177.
36. 参见A. Murray, 'Daimbert of Pisa, the Domus Godefridi and the Accession of Baldwin I of Jerusalem', in From Clermont to Jerusalem, pp. 81–102.
37. Albert of Aachen, X.30, p. 528.
38. William of Tyre, VI.23, I, p. 340. 关于约翰逃跑，参见ibid.; Orderic Vitalis, X.24, 5, p. 356.
39. Fulcher of Chartres, II.3.xiii, p. 143.
40. Albert of Aachen, VII.43, p. 550. 关于戈弗雷的葬礼参见VII.21, p. 516.
41. Albert of Aachen, VII.46–51, pp. 554–60.
42. Albert of Aachen, VII.57, p. 566; 关于他为皇帝服务参见IX.6, p. 644. 此处另可参见Shepard,'The"muddy road"of Odo Arpin', pp. 11–28.
43. Albert of Aachen, IX.1–6, pp. 638–44; Fulcher of Chartres, II.15.i–vi, pp. 163–4; Anna Komnene, XI.7, p. 316.
44. 牧首以贪污公款的罪名被废黜。Albert of Aachen, VII.62–63, p. 574. 重要的是，这些是由西西里的罗杰（教皇的坚定支持者）派来的使节，及教皇在11世纪90年代与君士坦丁堡的和解促成的。这表明，罗马-西西里-君士坦丁堡这条轴心又再次精诚合作了。
45. Albert of Aachen, VIII.45, p. 634.
46. Albert of Aachen, VIII.45–48, pp. 634–6.
47. Anna Komnene, XI.7, p. 318; Ralph of Caen, 143–4, pp. 158–60. 关于此处的纪年，参见R-J. Lilie, Byzantium and the Crusader States 1096–1204, tr. J. Morris and J. Ridings (Oxford. 1993), pp. 259–76 and Ia. Liubarskii,'Zamechaniya k khronologii XI knigi'Aleksiada' Anny Komninoi', Vizantiiskii Vremennik 24 (1964), pp. 47–56.
48. Anna Komnene, XI.7, p. 318; Ralph of Caen, 145, p. 160.
49. Ralph of Caen, 147, pp. 163–4.
50. Kemal ad-Din, p. 591.
51. Anna Komnene, XI.9, pp. 320–1.
52. Fulcher of Chartres, II.27.vii–viii, pp. 178–9.
53. Ibn al-Athir, AH 497/Dec. 1103–Dec. 1104, pp. 79–80; Ibn al-Qalanisi, p. 60. 此处另可参见Fulcher of Chartres, II.27.i–viii, pp. 177–9; Matthew of Edessa, III.18, pp. 192–3; Albert of Aachen, IX.39; Ralph of Caen, 148, pp. 164–5.
54. Ibn al-Qalanisi, p. 61.
55. 关于唐克雷德夺取埃德萨，Albert of Aachen, IX.42, p. 694; Fulcher of Chartres, II.27.5, p. 178; II.28, p. 180; Ralph of Caen, 151, p. 167; Matthew of Edessa, III.20, p. 194. 关于拜占庭1104年的斩获，Anna Komnene, XI.9–11, pp. 321–9.
56. Albert of Aachen, IX.46, p. 700–2.
57. Ralph of Caen, 152, pp. 168–9.
58. Anna Komnene, XI.12, pp. 329–31.
第12章 第一次十字军东征的影响
1. 关于在法兰西传唱的歌谣，Orderic Vitalis, X.21, 5, p. 342. 关于歌谣的流传，参见S. Edgington and C. Sweetenham (eds.), The Chanson d'Antioche: An Old-French Account of the First Crusade (Aldershot, 2011).
2. E. de Marneffe (ed.), Cartulaire de l'abbaye d'Afflighem (Louvain, 1894), pp. 19–21.
3. 相关的众多例子，参见 Riley-Smith, The First Crusaders, p. 150.
4. E.g. De genere comitum Flandrensium notae Parisienses, MGH, SS, 13, p. 259.
5. Suger of St Denis, p. 38; also see Riley-Smith, First Crusade, pp. 122–3.
6. 据《法兰克人事迹》所言，图索的居伊在安条克做了逃兵，IX,PP.55-56。他与国王结成亲家可能能够解释，为什么在一份立场倾向法兰西王室的文献中，对他的评论是比较富于同情的。Suger of St Denis, p. 36.
7. Guibert of Nogent, VI.11, p. 243.
8. 关于史蒂芬的死，Albert of Aachen, IX.6, p. 644. 关于一首他得到治疗的歌谣，Chanson d'Antioche, pp. 285–6.
9. France, Victory in the East, pp. 141–2.
10. Gilbert of Mons, 27, p. 30. See William of Tyre, I, p. 298; Albert of Aachen, IX.52, p. 716.
11. Orderic Vitalis, X.24, 5, pp. 358–76.
12. Ibid., p. 354.
13. France, 'The Anonymous Gesta Francorum', pp. 39–69 and above all, Rubenstein, 'What is the Gesta Francorum and who was Peter Tudebode？', pp. 179–204.
14. Fulcher of Chartres, I.33. v–xxi, pp. 129–32; Albert of Aachen, VII.6, p. 494.
15. R. Hiestand (ed.), Papsturkunden für Kirchen im Heiligen Lande (G?ttingen, 1985), p. 102; 其他一些相关例子，参见Codice Diplomatico Barese, 5, pp. 83–102.
16. Suger of St Denis, p. 44.
17. Romuald of Salerno, p. 203; Ekkehard of Aura, p. 293; William of Tyre, XI.1, 1, p. 460.
18. Bartulf of Nangis, Gesta Francorum expugnantium Iherusalem, 65, p. 538; Chronica Monasterii Casinensis, IV, p. 493; Suger of St Denis, p. 48; Hiestand, Papsturkunden für Kirchen, p. 7, n. 2; Codice Diplomatico Barese, 5, pp. 79–80.
19. Albert of Aachen, VIII.48, p. 636.
20. 参见，例如，W. Whalen, 'God's Will or Not？ Bohemond's campaign against the Byzantine Empire (1105–1108)', in T. Madden, J. Naus and V. Ryan (eds.) Crusades – Worlds in conflict (Farnham, 2010), pp. 115–23.
21. 关于博希蒙德的巡游，参见L. Russo, 'Il viaggio di Boemundo d'Altavilla in Francia', Archivio storico italiano 603 (2005), pp.
3–42.
22. Orderic Vitalis, XI.12, 6, pp. 70–2.
23. Ibid., p. 70.
24. 可参见W. Holtzmann, 'Zur Geschichte des Investitur-streites', Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ?ltere deutsche Geschichtskunde 50 (1935), pp. 280–2.
25. Orderic Vitalis, XI.12, 6, p. 68; William of Malmesbury, IV.407, p. 736.
26. J. Stevenson (ed.), Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon, 2 vols. (London, 1858), 2, p. 46. 没有资料可以说明派遣使节前往英格兰是在什么时候，或出于什么动机。
27. 例如，Shepard, 'The "muddy road" of Odo Arpin', pp. 11–28.
28. Anna Komnene, XIII.12, p. 385.
29. Ibid., p. 386.
30. Ibid., pp. 392–4.
31. Ibid., p. 387; p. 389.
32. Ibid., p. 392.
33. Ibid.
34. Orderic Vitalis, X.24, 5, p. 356; William of Tyre, VI.23, 1, p. 340.
35. Anna Komnene, XIV.1, p. 397.
36. Anna Komnene, XIII.12, p. 395.
37. Ibid., p. 394.
38. Fulcher of Chartres, I.32, p. 128; Orderic Vitalis, X.12, 5, p. 276.
39. Anna Komnene, XI.7, p. 316; XII.1, pp. 332–3; Orderic Vitalis, X.23, 5, p. 350;X.24, p. 354.
40. Gesta Francorum, I, p. 5.
41. Ibid., p. 6; II, p. 10.
42. Gesta Francorum, II, p. 11.
43. Ibid., p. 17.
44. Raymond of Aguilers, I, pp. 18– 19; II, p. 22.
45. Raymond of Aguilers, II, pp. 26–7.
46. Ibid., p. 23.
47. Gesta Francorum, II, p. 12.
48. Robert the Monk, VII.20, p. 176.
49. Barber and Bate, Letters, p. 20.
50. Ibid., pp. 22–5.
51. Matthew of Edessa, II.114, p. 167. F关于黑山，参见Regulations of Nikon of the Black Mountain, in J. Thomas and A. Constantinides Hero (eds.), Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents, 5 vols. (Washington, DC, 2000), pp. 377–424. Also see Typikon of Nikon of the Black Mountain for the Monastery and Hospice of the Mother of God tou Roidiou in ibid., pp. 425–39.
52. Ralph of Caen, 54, p. 80.
53. Raymond of Aguilers, XI, p. 88.
54. Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, p. 153.
55. Barber and Bate, Letters, p. 21.
56. Gesta Francorum, X, p. 72; Fulcher of Chartres, I.23.viii, p. 107; cf. Albert of Aachen, V.3, pp. 340–2.
57. Barber and Bate, Letters, pp. 30–3.
58. Ibid., p. 33.
59. Fulcher of Chartres, I.24.i–xiv, pp. 107–12.
60. Raymond of Aguilers, II, p. 23.
61. Ibid., pp. 22–3.
62. Gesta Francorum, X, p. 75.
63. Raymond of Aguilers, X, pp. 74–5.
64. Robert the Monk, VII.20, p. 176; William of Tyre, IX.13, 1, p. 437.
65. Robert the Monk, VI.16, p. 160.
66. Guibert of Nogent, I.5, p. 104.
67. William of Malmesbury, History of the English Kings, ed. R. Thomson, R. Mynors and M. Winterbottom (Oxford, 1999), III.262, pp. 482–4.
68. Roger of Hoveden, Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores post Bedam (repr. Farnborough, 1970), p. 710.
69. William of Malmesbury, II.225, p. 412.
70. William of Tyre, X.12, 1, p. 467.
71. Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, ed. J. Bury, 7 vols. (London, 1909–14) 6, p. 335.
72. Anna Komnene, XIV.2, p. 401.
73. Albert of Aachen, IX.43, p. 696.
74. A. Wharton Epstein, 'The date and significance of the Cathedral of Canosa in Apulia, Southern Italy', Dumbarton Oaks Papers 37 (1983), pp. 85–6.
75. M. Ogle and D. Schullian (eds.) Rodulfi Tortarii Carmina (Rome, 1933), pp. 298–316.
76. 参见N. Paul, 'A warlord's wisdom: Literacy and propaganda at the time of the First Crusade', Speculum 85 (2010), pp. 534–66. Another source from this period also reports Bohemond as having got the better of the emperor, rather than the other way round. Narratio Floriacensis, pp. 356–62.
77. Barber and Bate, Letters, pp. 30–3.
78. Gesta Francorum, I, pp. 1–2.
79. Erdmann, Die Briefe Heinrichs IV, pp. 38–9.
80. Ekkehard of Aura, pp. 182–4; Annales Hildesheimensis, MGH, SS, 3, pp. 50–1.
81. Erdmann, Die Briefe Heinrichs IV, pp. 39–40.
82. Patrologia Latina, 163, cols. 108a–c.
83. Erdmann, Die Briefe Heinrichs IV, pp. 39–40.
84. 关于和约, Anna Komnene, IX.3, p. 244, 以及上引，p146。关于阿莱克修斯和乞力赤·阿尔斯兰之间稳定且看似积极的关系，参见Albert of Aachen, IX.34, pp. 680–2.
85. 关于富歇对拜占庭的较柔和态度，参见L. Ní Chléirigh, 'The impact of the First Crusade on Western opinion towards the Byzantine Empire: The Dei Gesta per Francos of Guibert of Nogent and the Historia Hierosolymitana of Fulcher of Chartres', in C. Kostick (ed.), The Crusades and the Near East: Cultural Histories (Abingdon, 2011), pp. 161–88.
86. 阿尔贝特得出了截然不同的结论，注意M. Carrier, 'L'image d'Alexis Ier Comnène selon le chroniqleur Albert d'Aix', Byzantion 78 (2008), pp. 34–65.
87. Anna Komnene, XI.8, p. 320.
88. Anna Komnene, XIV.2, pp. 402–3; Albert of Aachen, XI.4, p. 776.
89. P. Maas, 'Die Musen des Kaisers Alexios I', Byzantinische Zeitschrift 22 (1913), ll. 312–51.
90. H. Hoffmann (ed.), Die Chronik von Montecassino (Hanover, 1980), IV.46, p. 514.
91. Lilie, Byzantium and the Crusader States, p. 162.
92. Anna Komnene, XIV.4, p. 411.
93. Anna Komnene, X.2, p. 262.