Technique Characteristics of Back-through Quan

通背拳是通过模仿猿的舒肢展臂、鹰的振翅翱翔、猫的扑鼠之灵等动作特点来造拳取势的，故形成其冷弹柔进、放长击远等技法特点。

Back-through Quan is practiced and formed by imitating the movements of ape's extending arms, eagle's soaring wings and cat's agile way of catching rats, coming into being technique characteristics of sudden deflect，soft on-going and a long distance strike.

（一）前空后丰，拧腰合胯 Empty front engorged back with rotating waist and tightening hip

前空后丰、拧腰合胯是通背拳对形体姿态的基本要求，意在蓄而后发。前空也称含胸或虚胸，要求胸廓略向内含蓄、收腹，形成空畅的形态。后丰也称拔背或探背，要求背部肌肉向下松沉、立腰、敛臀，使背部呈圆而丰满的形态。拧腰是指以腰为轴的左右旋转。合胯合膝是取其进退之迅速，脚趾抓地是取其生根之意。拧腰切胯才能做到力从足跟起，劲从腰背发，以力通于背，顺于肩，达于指。

Empty front engorged back with rotating waist and tightening hip is a basic requirement for body posture while practicing Back-through Quan, with a prospect for saving up strength to start out.Empty front is also called sunken chest or empty chest, it is required that bosom shrunk inward and belly buttocks tight, forming an empty posture.Solid back is also known as straightening back. The back muscles must be relaxed and kept downward, waist straightened and hip tightened, making sure that your back is full and round.Rotating waist is to turn left or right by pivoting your waist.Tightening hip and knees is meant to move forward and backward swiftly, and toes griping ground means to take root.After rotating waist and tightening hips, the strength can be generated from heel; power generated from waist and back, so the strength and power can go through back and shoulder reaches to fingers.

（二）甩膀抖腕，放长击远 Swinging arm and shaking wrist, form a long distance strike

甩膀抖腕、放长击远是通背拳上肢屈伸和劲力蓄发及攻防兼备的基本技法。通背拳以劈、拍、摔、穿、攒为基本掌法，其他招势变化皆由此五掌生化而来，强调练时有定规，用时无定法，伸缩往来，快速多变。在运动中，要求肩、臂各关节尽量放松并前伸，通肩达臂，力贯梢节。两臂运使犹如皮鞭，立抡成圆，大开密合。腕要舒之如绵，柔活灵便。指腕肘舒，手臂的伸缩、收放才能势随人愿。肩舒则臂长，方可击远，从而达到一寸长一寸强、放长击远的效果。

It is the basic technique of limb flexion, power reserves and explosive with both attack and defense capabilities while practicing Back-through Quan.The basic motions of palm in the boxing are chop, slap, wrestle, penetrate and assemble, other changes are all derived from those five forms, stressing the regulating moves while practicing without fixed-moves while fighting so that the motion can be stretched out and drawn back with speed and varieties.During practice, shoulder and arm joints should be relaxed and stretched forward; the force will pass through arm and shoulder reaching two hands.Arms swing like a whip with a circle, attack violently and defense solidly.Wrist is relaxed like a piece of cotton, soft and agile.Fingers, wrists and elbows are all at a comfortable position; so that the arm stretches and retracts can be the status that we want it to be.Once shoulder is relaxed, arm can reach and strike a longer distance, achieving the effect of“One inch longer one inch stronger” and hitting from a longer distance.

（三）直出直入，冷弹柔进 Straight out and straight in, sudden attack and soft on-going

直出直入是通背拳对手法的要求。无论是劈、拍、摔、穿、攒，每一掌都要求手从胸中发，上下相随，三尖（手、足、鼻）相照。出手要直，回手要快，走直线、重实用。冷弹柔进则是对运劲之要求。通背拳在劲力上讲究冷、弹、脆、快。冷似手中脱鱼，弹似伸缩弹簧，脆似斧断干柴，快如流星闪电。出手为柔，力到为刚。

Straight out and straight in is a requirement for hand motion while practicing Back and Fore Limbs Boxing.Whether it is chop, slap, wrestle, penetrate or assemble, hand must be stretched out from bosom, follows with the top side and bottom side, taking care of three tips(hand, foot and nose).Striking out with arms straight, and retract arms swiftly, use a straight line and basic on the practical.Sudden deflect and soft on-going is the requirement for applying strength, it should be sudden, elastic, crisp and fast.Sudden is just like escaping a fish from hand in water, elastic like a spring stretching out and retracting back, crisp is like an axe splitting dried firewood, fast is like lightning and meteor.Start tenderly and turn to be strong while reaching adversary.

（四）闪展灵活、步内含腿 Dodge flexibly, every step mixed up with leg kicks

通背拳对步法的要求是进退要敏捷、闪展要灵活、步随身移、干净利落。要使步法起动快、运行巧，就必须做到膝关节多处于微屈状态，以身带步，上下相随。而腿法的运用又多与步法相结合，步内含腿，腿随步发，腿落还是步。

Back-through Quan has a strict requirement on footwork which is to advance and retreat nimbly.In flexible dodge, step moves with body.To start quickly and skillfully, you have to bend your knees with body bringing along step, which follows with the top side and bottom side.The application of basic kicks must be coordinated with footwork, every step mixed up with leg kicks.Kicking after the step, then do the kicking again.

（五）擦挂击响，轻脆连贯 Sound of rubbing and tapping

擦挂击响、轻脆连贯是通背拳独有的技法特点，也是自我操练的一种形式。在运动过程中，手与臂、腿、肩、背等部位相交错时，要求蹭拍发出清脆的声响，提高演练气氛，并体现出通背拳沾衣发劲的特点，动作要求劲力顺畅、连贯，击点准确。经常进行蹭击身体各部位的练习，有助于提高人体的抗击打能力。

Giving out a series crispy and coherent sound while practicing Back-through Quan is its unique technique, which is also a good way of self-training.During practice, while hands passing through arms, legs, shoulders and back, it is required to rub and pat to give out a crispy sound, which can improve the exercise atmosphere, at the same time to reflect the feature of generating strength while touching clothes.The whole series of motions must be smooth, coherent and accurate.The practice of rubbing and hitting various parts of the body can help improve the body's resisting ability.