一、强调句

强调句是一种修辞，下面简单归纳它的几种结构：

1.用助动词“do（does/did）＋动词原形”来表示强调：

Do write to me when you get there.到那儿时一定要给我写信。

2.用形容词very，only，single，such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气：

You are the only person here who can speak Chinese.你是这里唯一一个会说汉语的人。

How dare you buy such expensive jewels？你怎么敢买这么贵重的珠宝？

3.用ever，never，very，just等副词和badly，highly，really等带有-ly 的副词来进行强调：

Why ever did you do so？你究竟为什么要这么做？

He never said a word the whole day.一整天，他一句话也没说。

4.用in the world，on earth，at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）：

Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪儿？

Do you know at all？你到底知不知道？

5.用感叹句来表示强烈的感情：

How interesting a story it is！这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！

6.用重复来表示强调：

They walked for miles and miles.他们走了好多英里。

7.用倒装句来加强语气：

On the table were some flowers.桌上摆着一些花。（强调地点）

Only in this way，can we solve this problem.

只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。

8.用强调句型：

“It is（was）＋被强调的部分＋that（who）＋原句其他部分”来强调说话人的意愿：此结构强调的成分仅限于主语、宾语和状语。如：

Mary met an old beggar in the street yesterday.

玛丽昨天在街上碰到一个老乞丐。

It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday.（强调主语）

It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in the street yesterday.（强调宾语）

It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street.（强调地点状语）

It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday.（强调地点状语）

注意：

（1）一般情况用It is（was）…that…如：

He read three books in the library yesterday.他昨天在图书馆读了三本书。

我们分别可以强调主语、宾语、地点状语和时间状语。如：

It was he who（that）read three books in the library yesterday.（强调主语）

It was three books that he read in the library yesterday.（强调宾语）

It was in the library that he read three books yesterday.（强调地点状语）

（2）当被强调部分指人时，可用that，也可用who；指物时，只用that，如：

It was Tom who（that）I met last week.我上周碰到的是汤姆。

It is a new book that his brother wants to buy.他的哥哥要买的是本新书。

（3）强调状语时，只用that，不用when、where.如：

It is at 5 o’clock that the train will arrive.火车五点到。

（4）被强调的部分是主语时，注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。如：It is he who is late.是他迟到了。It is they that were late.是他们迟到了。

注意：it强调句型不能强调句子的谓语。

（5）疑问句强调句型的构成：

1）一般疑问句的强调句型为“Is（was）it+that…？”，例如：

Was it ten years ago that his father died？他的父亲是十年前去世的吗？

2）特殊疑问词+be+it+that+句子的其他部分（用陈述语序）：

如：When did you receive the gift？你什么时间收到礼物的？

对特殊疑问词when做强调：

When was it that you received the gift？

注意此句中的received是由did加receive结合而成的。

（6） Not…until结构强调句型的构成：

“not…until…”句型的强调结构为“It is not until…that…”应注意把否定词not转移到until前面。如：

He didn’t go to bed until his father came back.他直到父亲回来才睡。

变为强调句型为：

It was not until his father came back that he went to bed.注意原句中的didn’t go部分中的not提前后，剩下did go变为went。