(一)单一主语的情况(1 / 1)

1.不定代词one,every,each,everybody,everyone,no one,nothing,nobody,someone,somebody,anybody,anyone等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。如:

Each of the students has a dictionary.每位学生都有本字典。

Someone has phoned me this morning.今天上午有人给我打电话了。

2.在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than…of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。如:

Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.

许多学生晚饭后常在校园散步。

More than one student has failed the exam.

不只一个学生考试不及格。

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.

60%以上的学生来自城市。

3.当主语表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。如:

The Arabian Night tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore.

《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。

The United Nations plays an important role in the international affairs.

联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。

4.表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可,意义是指“有多少数量”)如:

Six thousand dollars is big sum.六千美元是一笔巨款。

Twenty years stands for a long period in one’s life.

二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期。

5.一些集体名词,如mankind(人类),furniture(家具),foliage(叶子总称),equipment(设备),clothing(衣服),machinery(机械),merchandise(货物),通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。如:

The merchandise has arrived undamaged.货物已安全运到。

All the machinery in the factory is made in China.

这个工厂里所有的机器都是中国制造的。

6.有些集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family,audience(观众),crew(全体船员或机组人员),crowd,class,company,committee(委员会),government(政府),public(公众),team等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该集体。如:

His family is going to move to a rural country.他全家就要搬去农村了。

His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。

The class consists of fifteen boys and ten girls.

这个班由15个男生和10个女生组成。

The class don’t understand what the teacher is saying.

班里学生听不懂老师讲的话。

注意:但集体名词people,police,cattle,poultry(家禽)等在任何情况下都用复数形式。

如:Domestic cattle provide us with milk,beef,and hides.

家牛能给我们提供牛奶,牛肉和皮革。

The police are questioning everyone in the house.

警察正在盘问房间里的每一个人。

7.以s结尾的由两个部分组成的物体名词,如glasses(眼镜),trousers(裤子),shorts(短裤),shoes(鞋),gloves(手套),scissors(剪刀),jeans(牛仔裤),chopsticks(筷子),pajamas(睡衣),等,如果前面不带“一把”、“一副”“一条”等单位词,单独使用,通常作复数,谓语动词也用复数。如:

Jeans are in fashion at the moment.现在牛仔裤很流行。

注意:

(1)如果有单位词,则由单位词的单复数形式决定动词的单复数形式。如:

One pair of scissors is not enough.一把剪刀不够。

There are two pairs of pajamas in the bed.**有两套睡衣。

(2)英语中还有一些这样的词,如arms(武器),clothes(衣服),goods(货物),stairs(楼梯),fireworks(烟火),suburbs(郊区),thanks(谢意),contents(内容),wages(工资),times(时代),savings(储蓄),findings(调查结果),earnings(薪水),greens(蔬菜),papers(论文)等,通常作复数。如:

The contents of this book are most fascinating.这本书的内容很吸引人。

The goods were found to be defective.发现这些商品有缺陷。

(3)有些以s结尾的学科名词,体育运动名词,疾病名词,谓语动词一般用单数。如:

Physics is an important subject in middle schools.

在中学物理是一门很重要的课程。

Gymnastics looks difficult,and it is.体操看起来很难,实际上也是如此。

8.不定式、动名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。如:

Reading often means learning.读书常意味着学习。

To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.

每天早晨朗读英语有许多好处。

9.either,neither 后的of的宾语为复数名词或代词时,动词可以是单数,也可以是复数,在正式文体中,单数形式的动词更常用。如:

Neither of my sisters likes sports.我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。

Either of the roads was/were equally dangerous.

两条路中的任何一条都是同样的危险。

10.“分数或百分数+名词”以及“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,half of,the rest of+名词”作主语时,谓语由所跟名词的情况而定。如:

A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off.昨天突然断电时,那家商店丢失了许多钱。

About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.

地球表面四分之三被水覆盖。

11.a portion,a series of,a kind/sort/type of,this kind/sort/type of+名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。如:

A substantial portion of the reports is missing.

这些报告都没有提及实质问题。

A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.

这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。

注意:但若在kind/sort/type之前的限定词是these/those,同时of词组中的名词又是复数,动词要用复数。

These kind of men annoy me.这种人令我生厌。

Those type of machines are up to date.那些类型的机器是最新的。

12.形容词前加定冠词即“the+形容词”作主语时,谓语通常用复数;但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个人或是抽象概念,则用单数。如:

The departed was a well-known engineer.去世的人是位有名的工程师。

The true is to be distinguished from the false.

真假必须辨明。(抽象的概念,看成单数)