三、句子分析(1 / 1)

句子分析的方法有好几种,但最好采用对句子基本结构及其中的词、短语、从句一一分析说明的方法。如:

One(S)must do(V)one’s duty(O).人应尽其责。

注:(S=subject主语 V=verb谓语动词 O=object宾语 C=complement宾语补足语)

(一)简单句的分析

1.America(S)is(V)a capitalist country(C).美国是一个资本主义国家。

2.The sun(S)rises(V)in the east(adverbial状语).太阳从东方升起。

3.We(S)gave(V)him(O)a hearty welcome(O).我们给予他热忱的欢迎。

4.I(S)saw(V)him(O)going upstairs(C).我看他上楼的。

5.How(感叹词)well(adverbial状语)she(S)sings(V)! 她唱得多么好啊!

(二)并列句的分析

1.Just at that moment(介词短语作状语),the school bell(S)began(V)to ring(O)and the children(S)all(同位语)came(V)out(状语)to play(目的状语)正值此时,学校的钟响了,接着孩子们都跑出来玩耍。

全句是一并列句,两分句由and连接。

2.They(S)understood(V)him(V)and he(S)(谓语省略)them(O).他们理解他,他也理解他们。全句是一并列句,两分句由连词and连接。

3.You(S)can call(V)him(O)“little devil”(C),or you(S)can call(V)him(O)“comrade”(C)—but you(S)cannot just(状语)call(V)“wei”(O).你可以叫他“小鬼”,你也可以叫他“同志”,但你不可只叫“喂”。

全句是一并列句,三分句分别由or,but连接。

(三)复合句的分析

1.He(S)does(V)as I tell him(比较状语从句).他照我的吩咐办。

2.Because no one tended the trees(原因状语从句),a large number(S)died(V).

由于无人照管树木,所以大量的树都死了。

3.They(S)often(adv状语)play(V)chess(O)after they have had supper(时间状语从句).他们晚饭后常下棋。

4.Though it was very cold(让步状语从句),he(S)went out(V)without an overcoat(adv状语).天气虽然很冷,但他没穿大衣就出去了。

5.If I were you(条件状语从句),I(S)would help(V)him(O).

我如果是你,就会帮助他。

6.He(S)is(V)the boy(C)who broke the window(限制性定语从句).

他就是打破窗户的那个男孩。

7.The rain(S)rattled(V)on the roof(adv状语)all night(adv状语),which kept me awake(非限制性定语从句).整夜雨打屋顶嗒嗒作响,弄得我无法入睡。

8.You(S)may do(V)what you will(省略从句,用作宾语).

你可以随你的便。

9.I(S)believe(V)that he is honest(宾语从句).我相信他是诚实的。

10.He(S)is not(V)what he was ten years ago(表语从句).

他已不是十年前的他了。

(四)并列复合句的分析

1.She(S)said(V)she would work as a cook(宾语从句),and I(S)told(V)her(O间接宾语)that I would learn to be a carpenter(宾语从句).她说她要当厨师,而我告诉她我要学木工。

这是一个并列复合句。两分句由连词and连接。

(五)长句的句子分析

1.长句的特点:

(1)修饰语多;

(2)并列成分多;

(3)语言结构层次多。

如:The study made clear that the working class(工人阶级)that is so over-represented in crime(犯罪)statistics(统计数据)consists of lower-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities.

2.理解长句时可采用以下步骤:

(1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,(复合句则找出主句的主、谓、宾)从整体上把握句子的结构。The study made clear that the working class that is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities.

主句:The study made that…clear.

(2)找出句中所有的非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。

The study made clear that(宾语从句引导词)the working class that(定语从句引导词)is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living(现在分词后置做定语)in the lower-class areas of large cities.

(3)分析从句和短语的功能,如,是否为主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句等;若是状语,它是表示时间、原因、结果,还是表示条件等等。

(4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系,例如,定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个,现在分词做定语修饰的是什么成分。

The study made clear that the working class(先行词)that is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities.

此句可分解如下:

1)The working class consists of lower-class people.

2)The working class is so over-represented in crime statistics.

3)Lower-class people are living in the lower-class areas of large cities.

(5)注意插入语等其他成分。

(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。

例句翻译:研究表明这样一个事实:犯罪统计中占多数的工人阶级是由来自大城市底层的下层阶级组成。