专项练习(1 / 1)

1.Napoleon spoke so loudly as to______in front of his soldiers.

A.hear B.be heard C.listen D.be listened to

2.Television and radio______to know what is going on all over the world.

A.made it possible of us B.have made us possible

C.have made it possible for us D.have made it be possible for us

3.I have enjoyed my visit here.I’ll be very sorry______.

A.for leaving B.to leave C.if leaving D.to have left

4.I don’t see how I could possibly manage____the work without______.

A.to finish;helping B.to finish;being helped

C.finishing;helping D.finishing;being helped

5.If you were much younger,I would arrange______as the general manager,for all your colleagues speak highly of your work.

A.for you to work B.of you to work

C.for you work D.you work

6.“Do you have any clothes______today,Sir?” asked the maid politely.

A.wash B.to be washed C.to wash D.to be washing

7.______water before breakfast seemed to them a rule never______.

A.To get;breaks B.To get;to break

C.Getting;breaks D.Get;to break

8.Nothing can make the brave soldier______his country.

A.turn against B.to turn against C.to turn to D.turn to

9.I’d prefer______home rather than______a walk.

A.to stay;to take B.stay;to take

C.to stay;take D.stay;take

10.Would you please tell me______next?

A.how to do B.what to do C.what do I do  D.how I should do

11.The problem______at tomorrow’s meeting is a very difficult one.

A.being discussed B.discussed

C.to be discussed D.to discuss

12.She did nothing______at the photo.

A.except look B.but to look

C.except to look D.but looking

13.This problem is said______three times.

A.to have been talked B.to have discussed

C.having been discussed D.to have been talked about

14.She reached the top of the hill and stopped______on a big rock by the side of the path.

A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest

15.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.

A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking

16.There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind______to buy.

A.what B.which C.how D.where

17.They would not allow him______across the enemy line.

A.to risk going B.risking to go

C.for risk to go D.risk going

18.Our master often told us______things for granted.

A.not to have B.not to take C.didn’t take D.not to make

19.They knew her very well.They had seen her______up from childhood.

A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow

20.There isn’t any difference between the two.I really don’t know______.

A.where to choose B.which to choose

C.to choose what D.to choose which

参考答案:

1-5 BCDBA 6-10 CBACB 11-15 CADCA 16-20 AABAB

(二)动名词

动名词(Gerund)是非谓语动词的又一种形式,在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为“-ing形式”。两者的另一个相同之处是:都是由动词变化而成的,都保留了动词的某些特征,都能带自己的宾语、状语从而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。

1.动名词的基本句法功能

(1)作主语

动名词和不定式都可以作主语,动名词作主语将动作名词化,表示一般或抽象的多次性行为,不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如:

Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.

早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。

注意:动名词作主语时,也常用“It is…”和“There is…”两种句型。

1)“It is…”的句型常用于说明“某种活动或是某件事情是如何”,强调事物的性质、特征等。常用于It is后面的词有:no good,no use,useless,a waste,worthwhile,danger等。

2)“There is…”往往用于说明“不允许、禁止某种活动或是某件事情发生或存在”。类似一种建议、命令等。如:

It is no good going on negotiating with such a representative.

再继续与这样一个代表谈判下去没有任何意义。

There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded.

不容否认这个事实,中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。

(2)作宾语

动名词直接作及物动词的宾语,此类动词有:admit(承认),appreciate(感激,感谢),avoid(避免),begin(开始),can’t afford(花不起),can’t bear(无法容忍),can’t help(情不自禁),can’t stand(无法忍受),consider(考虑),delay(拖延),deny(否认),deserve(值得),endure(忍受),enjoy(喜欢),escape(逃脱),excuse(原谅),face(面临,面对),feel(感觉),finish(完成),forgive(原谅),give up(放弃),hate(不喜欢),imagine(设想,想象),include(包括),keep(保持),keep on(继续),leave off(结束,省去),like(喜欢),mention(提及,提起),mind(介意),miss(错过),neglect(忽略),need(需要),postpone(推迟),practice(练习),prefer(宁愿),propose(提议),put off(推迟),require(需要),resist(反抗,抵抗),risk(冒险),suggest(建议),want(需要)等。如:

The little girl kept shouting and crying.这个小女孩又哭又叫。

I can’t afford watching(to watch)the game through to the end because I should be at work in thirty minutes.这场比赛我是看不完了,因为半小时后我要上班。

注意:

1)动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。be worth后也有同样用法。这点在被动语态部分中也有讲述。如:

The ATM machine beside the school gate needs repairing.

学校大门口旁边的自动取款机需要修理了。

That kind of movie is worth watching.这种电影才值得一看。

2)在短语devote to,look forward to,stick to,to be used to,object to,thank you for,excuse me for,be(kept)busy,have difficulty/trouble/problem(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),there’s no use/good/need,feel/seem like/get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式,如:

Excuse me for being late because of the busy traffic.

原谅我由于交通拥挤迟到了。

Let’s get down to preparing for the sports meeting now.

现在让我们开始着手准备运动会事宜。

3)有些及物动词后既可用动名词作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语,两种结构在意义上差别不大。常见的有:attempt(打算),begin(开始),start,can’t afford(花不起),can’t bear(无法容忍),continue(继续),deserve(值得),hate(不喜欢),intend(打算),like(喜欢),love(爱),neglect(忽略),need(需要),omit(不能,未能做),prefer(宁愿),propose(提议),want(需要)。如:

Today,we will continue studying passage one of unit three.

Today,we will continue to study passage one of unit three.

今天,我们接着来学习第三单元的第一篇文章。

但有些动词后加动名词形式和加不定式形式时意义不同,差别很大。主要有以下几组:

①类似forget,remember,regret等词,后面接动名词表示“已发生过的动作”;接不定式表示“现在发生或将要发生的动作”。如:

The policewoman on duty forgot to lock the door,so she felt very sorry.

值班的那个女警察忘记锁门了,所以她感到很内疚。

The policewoman on duty forgot locking the door already,so she went back to check it out.

值班的那个女警察忘记已经锁过门了。所以她又回去检查了一遍。

I regret telling my mother the truth of her illness.我后悔告诉妈妈她的真实病情了。

I regret to say that you have failed in the final examination.

我很遗憾地告诉你,你的期末考试没及格。

②在like,love,hate,prefer等表示情感意愿的词后,若表示强调“某种爱好、一般性的倾向”,需用动名词作宾语;如指某次将要发生的具体行为,则多用不定式作宾语。如:

——Do you like playing chess? 你喜欢下棋吗?

——Yes,I do.But I don’t love to play it now.

是的,我喜欢。但我现在不想下棋。

③stop等词后接动名词表示“要终止动名词表示的动作”,而后接不定式则表示“开始不定式表示的原来的动作”;try后接动名词表示“试着干某事”,而后接不定式则表示“尽力干某事”。如:

The children stopped to listen to me now.孩子们开始听我说话了。

The little girl stopped listening to me now.

小女孩不听我说话了。(停止听我说话转而干别的事了)

Mike tried doing the experiment again and again.

迈克试着一遍又一遍地做这个实验。

All the classmates tried to cooperate well in the tug-of-war game.

在拔河比赛中,所有的同学都尽力彼此配合好。

④在begin,start和cease等词之后,接动名词表示“强调有意识地开始或停止某动作”;不定式则表示“自然、突然地发生的动作”。如:

It began to snow at 8 o’clock last night.昨晚八点开始下雪了。

He started learning to do business after being laid off.他下岗后开始学做生意了。

The husband ceased smoking and drinking as the couple are preparing to give birth to a baby.这对夫妇准备要小孩,所以丈夫不再吸烟喝酒了。

⑤dread 后接动名词时,表示“害怕……”;后接不定式时,表示“……就害怕”,通常其后只加to think,to imagine,to see 等。如:

The president dreads to imagine what will happen if the strike continues.

总统一想到罢工持续下去会引发的问题就不寒而栗。

The child dreads doing housework.这孩子怕干家务活。

⑥go on 加动名词,表示“继续做某事”;加不定式,意思是“接着又做了……”如:

The old man went on listening to the stranger for another fifteen minutes.

这位老人接着听那位陌生人说了十五分钟。

After handing in the exam paper,he went on to ask the teacher a few questions.

交过试卷后,他又接着问了老师几道问题。

⑦mean 后接动名词,表示“意味着”;后接不定式,表示“打算……”。如:

Don’t cry any more.I didn’t mean to hurt you.

不要再哭了,我不是故意伤害你的。

Doing better next time means practicing more.

要想下次做得更好意味着做更多的练习。

⑧类似 need,require,want,deserve,bear 的词后面一般加动名词,因为此时动名词虽为主动形式,但有被动意义。如:

What the employee does deserves praising.这位员工所做的事值得表扬。

Those flowers in the garden need watering.花园里那些花需要浇水。

⑨作介词宾语,如介词on,for,against 等,动名词可以作介词的宾语,并与介词一起构成介词短语在句子里担当定语、状语、表语等。诸如下列短语后的介词都需要加动名词来作宾语:admit to,lead to,devote oneself to,set about(开始做,着手做),insist on,think of/about,object to(反对,不赞成),look forward to,get/be used to,be good at,take part in,be interested in,be proud of,prefer…to,stick to,as well as,be tired of,be afraid of,be capable of,hold off,put off,keep on,count on/upon,take up,give up,burst out,succeed/be successful in,feel like,be fond of,be responsible for,be suitable for,stop/prevent…from… 如:

Many teachers in this school have got used to getting up early and staying up late.

这学校很多老师都已经适应晚睡早起了。

On hearing our delegation in Sydney had won 28 gold medals,all the Chinese people cheered up with great joy and showed their great respects to our athletes.

当听到我国在悉尼的奥运代表团获得了28块金牌时,全中国人民都高兴地欢呼起来,并向我们的运动健儿们表示崇高的敬意。

(3)作表语

不定式作表语主要说明或解释“主语(要去)做什么事”,它比较具体,动作意义也比较强;而动名词作表语则主要说明“主语是做什么的、或是怎么回事”,动作意义较弱,也较抽象。如:

Reading is for sure learning,but applying is also learning to a greater extent.

读书当然是学习,然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。

注意:

1)句子的主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句。

2)表语动名词与主语是对等关系,表示主语的内容,回答what或doing what的问题,不可与进行时态混淆。如:

Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children.

她的工作是洗刷,打扫卫生并照看孩子们。

What he likes best is playing computer games.

他最喜欢做的事就是上网打游戏。

(4)作定语

动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作定语,表示该名词的用途或有关的动作。

sleeping car 卧车;running shoes 跑鞋;walking stick 手杖;

printing shop 印务馆;reading room 阅读室;swimming pool 游泳池;

washing machine 洗衣机;dining room 饭厅

(5)作同位语

You must fulfill your promise,paying off what you owe me at the end of this year.

你必须遵守你的诺言,年底把欠我的钱还我。

His hobby,getting up early,has never changed.他早起的习惯从未改变过。

(6)作主语补足语、宾语补足语

主语补足语:

This was so-called fighting-a-battle-without-preparation.

这就是所谓的打无准备之战。

The action is robbing the rich and helping the poor.这正是劫富济贫的行动。

上面两句话也可写为以下形式(作宾补):

They called it fighting-a-battle-without-preparation.

People call this robbing the rich and helping the poor.

2.动名词的复合结构

动名词的复合结构由物主代词(my,our…)或人称代词宾格(him,her…)、名词所有格(Mary’s,Dog’s…)或普通格加动名词构成。在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词。如果动名词的复合结构作宾语,其逻辑主语是无生命的名词时,用普通格。动名词的复合结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如:

His coming here helped us a lot.

他的到来帮了我们很大忙。(主语/逻辑主语his,动名词coming)

What annoys him most was his son’s having failed in the exam.

使他感到最恼火的是他儿子考试不及格。(复合结构作表语)

3.动名词的否定式

动名词否定式构成跟不定式一样,在其前面加否定词 not 或 never。

Not having a correct world outlook is not having a soul.

没有正确的世界观,就等于没有灵魂。

Never seeing an airplane,the boy was anxious to go to the airport.

由于从没见过飞机,这个男孩迫切想去机场。

4.动名词的特殊用法

①No+动名词——用于简短的禁令或禁律

No smoking禁止吸烟; No littering勿乱扔垃圾;

No swimming禁止游泳; No speaking请勿喧哗

②There is no+-ing(……是不可能的)= It is impossible to…= No one can…(or We cannot…)

There is no telling when lasting peace will come.

谁也不知道永久的和平什么时候到来。

③Never(or not)…without+-ing(每次……都……)=whenever

He never comes without bringing some present.他从来不会不带东西过来。

④It goes without saying that…(……是不用说的)= It is needless to say that…

It goes without saying that no animal can live without breathing.

毫无置疑,没有动物离了呼吸能够生存的。

⑤Do+动名词(做需要若干时间或一再重复的事情)——动名词之前都有the、所有格或some/a little/much/a lot of 之类的形容词。

Do you do much fishing?你经常去钓鱼吗?

⑥On(or upon)+-ing(当……,一……就……)=when(or as soon as)+S.+v.

On seeing his mother,the little boy ran towards her.

一看到妈妈,这个小男孩就跑了过去。

⑦Of one’s own =-ing(自己……的)= by oneself

He showed me a picture of his own painting.

他让我看了一张他自己的画像。

⑧Make a point of-ing(必定,重视)= make it a point to…

He makes a point of calling on me on New Year’s Day.

他很注重新年这一天给我打电话。