第一章 非洲概念
哲学家而不是历史学家是研究非洲概念的先驱,参见V. Y. Mudimbe, The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy, and the Order of Knowledge (Bloomington, 1988)和The Idea of Africa (Bloomington, 1994),以及Kwame Anthony Appiah, In My Father’s House: Africa and the Philosophy of Culture (New York, 1992);比较见解参见Ronald B. Inden, Imagining India (Oxford, 1990)和Chris Wickham, Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400-800 (Oxford, 2005);地理视角参见Martin W. Lewis和K?ren E. Wigen的The Myth of Continents: A Critique of Metageography (Berkeley, 1997),这本著作发人深省。关于非洲历史最好的一卷书是John Iliffe的Africans: The History of a Continent (Cambridge, 1995);James C. McCann, Green Land, Brown Land的Black Land: An Environmental History of Africa, 1800-1990 (Portsmouth, NH, 1999)是一本很好的导论书籍。Roderick J. McIntosh的The Peoples of the Middle Niger: The Island of Gold (Oxford, 1998)是一部杰出的历史考古学著作。关于更广泛背景的书籍参见Graham Connah的African Civilizations. Precolonial Cities and States: An Archaeological Perspective (2nd edn, Cambridge, 2001), David W. Phillipson的African Archaeology (3rd edn, Cambridge, 2005),以及David M. Anderson和Richard Rathbone (eds)的Africa’s Urban Past (Oxford, 2000);关于《松迪亚塔》,参见Ralph Austen (ed.) In Search of Sunjata: The Mande Epic as History, Literature, and Performance (Bloomington, 1999)。
第二章 非洲人:多样性和统一性
关于介绍非洲人口的历史参见James L. Newman, The Peopling of Africa: A Geographic Interpretation(New Haven, 1995);关于介绍非洲语言的书籍参见B. Heine and D. Nurse (eds), African Languages: An Introduction (Cambridge, 2000);关于北非的书籍Michael Brett和Elizabeth Fentress的The Berbers (Oxford, 1996)非常不错;关于混合沿海社区的书籍,参见John Middleton, The World of the Swahili: An African Mercantile Civilization (New Haven, 1992)和George Brooks, Eurafricans in Western Africa (Athens, Ohio, 2003);对非洲中心主义的有力批判参见Stephen Howe, Afrocentrism: Mythical Pasts and Imagined Homes (London, 1998);关于南非的身份和历史想象参见Carolyn Hamilton, Terrific Majesty: The Powers of Shaka Zulu and the Limits of Historical Invention (Cambridge, Mass., 1998)和T. Dunbar Moodie, The Rise of Afrikanerdom: Power, Apartheid and Afrikaner Civil Religion (Berkeley, 1975);关于约鲁巴参见Toyin Falola (ed.), Yoruba Historiography (Madison, 1991)和L. J. Matory,‘The English Professors of Brazil: On the Diasporic Roots of the Yoruba Nation’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 41 (1999);关于殖民前的卢旺达参见Jan Vansina, Antecedents to Modern Rwanda: The Nyiginya Kingdom (Oxford, 2004);关于20世纪,参见Mahmood Mamdani, When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda (Princeton, 2001);非洲流行音乐的历史还有待书写,但地区性的流行音乐史研究参见G. Stewart, Rumba on the River: A History of the Popular Music of the Two Congos (London, 2000)。
第三章 非洲过往:历史之源
有关非洲历史上的证据和方法问题的有用介绍,请参阅文章John Edward Philips (ed.), Writing African History (Rochester, 2005);正在进行的发展参见期刊History in Africa;T adesse T amrat, Church and State in Ethiopia, 1270-1527 (Oxford, 1972)是一本利用埃塞俄比亚地区丰富的文献资源对中世纪埃塞俄比亚的经典记述;撒哈拉沙漠以南的重要阿拉伯历史资料中,N. Levtzion和J. F. P. Hopkins (eds)的Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History (Cambridge, 1981)以及John O. Hunwick的Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sa ‘d?’s Ta’ r?kh al-S?d?n down to 1613 (Leiden, 1999)非常不错;Paulo F. de Moraes Farias, Arabic Medieval Inscriptions from the Republic of Mali: Epigraphy, Chronicles, and SonghayTuareg History (Oxford, 2003)也不错;关于口头叙述的书籍参见Isabel Hofmeyr, ‘We Spend Our Years as a Tale That is Told’: Oral Historical Narrative in a South African Chiefdom (Portsmouth, NH, 1994);Sally Falk Moore, Anthropology and Africa: Changing Perspectives on a Changing Scene (Charlottesville, 1994)是一本有用的指南;艺术史的可能性参见两本著作,即Paula Girshick Ben-Amos, Art, Innovation, and Politics in Eighteenth-Century Benin (Bloomington, 1999)和Mary Nooter Roberts and Allen F. Roberts (eds), Memory: Luba Art and the Making of History (New York, 1996);关于历史资料的照片,包括本书中使用的一些图片的评论参见African Arts, Special Issue: Historical Photographs of Africa, 24, 4 (1991),关于文献参见Margaret Jean Hay (ed.), African Novels in the Classroom (Boulder, 2000)。
第四章 世界上的非洲
关于在世界历史上定位非洲的书籍参见Steven Feierman, ‘AfricanHistories and the Dissolution of World History’, in Robert H. Bates, V. Y. Mudimbe, and Jean O’Barr (eds), Africa and the Disciplines (Chicago, 1993);关于刚果的宗教史参见Wyatt MacGaffey, Modern Kongo Prophets (Bloomington, 1983);关于更广泛背景的书籍参见Adrian Hastings, The Church in Africa, 1450-1950 (Oxford, 1994);对伊斯兰教最好的介绍是David Robinson’s Muslim Societies in African History (Cambridge, 2004),也可参考Nehemia Levtzion and Randal Pouwels (eds), The History of Islam in Africa (Athens, Ohio, 2000);关于奴隶制和奴隶贸易的巨著参见Joseph C. Miller, Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade, 1730-1830 (Madison, 1988);Paul E. Lovejoy, Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa (2nd edn, Cambridge, 2000);Boubacar Barry, Senegambia and the Atlantic Slave Trade (Cambridge, 1998)。David Eltis, Stephen D. Behrendt, David Richardson, and Herbert S. Klein, The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: A Database on CD-ROM (Cambridge, 1999)是一项卓越的成就;关于尼日利亚内陆地区项目参见www.yorku.ca/nhp. Michael A. Gomez, Reversing Sail: A History of the African Diaspora (Cambridge, 2005)是一本很好的导论式书籍;最近的许多研究可以在Slavery and Abolition期刊上找到,尤其是Vol. 22, 1 (2001), special issue on ‘Rethinking the AfricanDiaspora’ edited by Kristin Mann and Edna G. Bay;关于马达加斯加的书籍参见Pier M. Larson, History and Memory in the Age of Enslavement: Becoming Merina in Highland Madagascar 1770-1822 (Portsmouth, NH, 2000)。
第五章 非洲的殖民主义
从非洲视角对征服的最好诠释是John Lonsdale, ‘The European Scramble and Conquest in African History’, in Cambridge History of Africa Vol. 6 (Cambridge, 1985);更多传统叙述参见Thomas Pakenham, The Scramble for Africa (London, 1991);Jonathan Glassman, Feasts and Riot: Revelry, Rebellion and Popular Consciousness on the Swahili Coast, 1856-1888 (Portsmouth, NH, 1995)考察了德国征服坦桑尼亚海岸的局部腹部;关于殖民统治的影响参见John Iliffe, A Modern History of Tanganyika (Cambridge, 1979),这是一本经典著作;关于女性经验的专著可以从Jean Allman, Susan Geiger, and Nakanyike Musisi (eds), Women in Colonial African Histories (Bloomington, 2002)开始阅读;关于20世纪乡村社区如何谈判的生动叙述参见Landeg White, Magomero: Portrait of an African Village (Cambridge, 1987);其他关于殖民统治的专著参见T. C. McCaskie, Asante Identities: History and Modernity in an African Village, 1850-1950 (Edinburgh, 2000);关于思想传播的专著参见Andrew Roberts (ed.), The Colonial Moment in Africa: Essays on the Movement of Minds and Materials, 1900-1940 (Cambridge, 1990);关于传统发明与间接规则的专著参见T. O. Ranger, ‘The Invention of Tradition Revisited’, in T. O. Ranger and Olafemi Vaughan (eds), Legitimacy and the State in Twentieth-Century Africa (London, 1993), and Thomas Spear,‘Neo-Traditionalism and the Limits of Invention in British Colonial Africa’, Journal of African History, 44 (2003)。
第六章 想象未来,重建过去
关于战争对非洲的影响的专著参见David Killingray and Richard Rathbone (eds), Africa and the Second World War (London, 1986);Frederick Cooper in his Africa since 1940: The Past of the Present (Cambridge, 2002)一书中对战后时刻进行了深入的分析;J. D. Hargreaves, Decolonization in Africa (2nd edn, London, 1996)是一项有用的调查;关于加纳非殖民化的文献尤其发达:参见Jean Allman, The Quills of the Porcupine: Asante Nationalism in an Emergent Ghana (Madison, 1993)以及Richard Rathbone, Nkrumah and the Chiefs: The Politics of Chieftaincy in Ghana, 1951-1960 (Oxford, 1999);关于茅茅起义的文献也很丰富:John Lonsdale, ‘The Moral Economy of Mau Mau’, in Bruce Berman and John Lonsdale, Unhappy Valley: Conflict inKenya and Africa Vol. 2 (London, 1992), and David Anderson, Histories of the Hanged: Britain’s Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire (London, 2005);Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace: Algeria, 1954-1962 (London, 1977)是一部经典著作;帝国末期的英国文献是重要的资源,最近的系列文献包括Philip Murphy, Central Africa, two volumes (London, 2005);关于非洲历史出现的文献,从阅读先驱们的回忆录开始是不错的选择,包括Jan Vansina, Living with Africa (Madison, 1994);关于泛非主义传统的专著参见V. Y. Mudimbe (ed.), The Surreptitious Speech: Présence Africaine and the Politics of Otherness, 1947-1987 (Chicago, 1992);以典型、犀利的评论来评价黑人性和非洲的后殖民困境的专著参见Wole Soyinka, The Burden of Memory, the Muse of Forgiveness (New York, 1999)。
第七章 记忆和遗忘,过往和现在
Stephen Ellis,‘Writing Histories of Contemporary Africa’, Journal of African History, 43 (2002),调查和挑战了近代史;关于记忆的专著参见Jocelyn Alexander, JoAnn McGregor, and Terence Ranger, Violence and Memory: One Hundred Years in the Dark Forests of Matabeleland (Oxford, 2000), Rosalind Shaw, Memories of the SlaveTrade: Ritual and the Historical Imagination in Sierra Leone (Chicago, 2002), Anne C. Bailey, African Voices of the Atlantic Slave Trade: Beyond the Silence and the Shame (Boston, 2005)和Sarah Nuttalland Carli Coetzee (eds), Negotiating the Past: The Making of Memory in South Africa (Cape Town, 1998);关于苏丹南部现在和过去暴力的专著参见Sharon E. Hutchinson, Nuer Dilemmas: Coping with Money, War, and the State (Berkeley, 1996),这是一部历史人类学杰出专著;此外,关于历史是如何形成的,参见Karin Barber, I Could Speak Until Tomorrow: Oriki, Women, and the Past in a Yoruba Town (London, 1991);在众多的关于巫术的文献中,参见Luise White, Speaking with Vampires: Rumor and History in Colonial Africa (Berkeley, 2000), and Jean Allman and John Parker, Tongnaab: The History of a West African God (Bloomington, 2005);本书提出的许多问题的广泛讨论,参见Paul Tiyambe Zeleza, Manufacturing African Studies and Crises (Dakar, 1997);最后,两本关于世界上非洲人的过去和现在的专著参见Laurent Dubois, Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution (Cambridge, Mass., 2004), and James Ferguson, Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order (Durham, NC, 2006)。