大B:“假设现在要设计一个贩卖各类书籍的电子商务网站的购物车(ShoppingCat)系统。一个最简单的情况就是把所有货品的单价乘上数量,但是实际情况肯定比这要复杂。”
小A:“一般会有哪些情况哩?”
大B:“比如:1、可能对所有的儿童类图书实行每本一元的折扣;2、计算机类图书提供每本7%的促销折扣,而对电子类图书有3%的折扣;3、剩余的图书没有折扣。4、还会有新的打折策略。由于有这样复杂的折扣算法,使得价格计算问题需要系统地解决。”
方案一:业务逻辑放在各具体子类
/**//*
*各子类实现销售价格算法
*/
publicabstractclassBook……{
privatedoubleprice;
privateStringname;
publicStringgetName()……{
returnname;
}
publicvoidsetName(Stringname)……{
this.name=name;
}
publicdoublegetPrice()……{
returnprice;
}
publicvoidsetPrice(doubleprice)……{
this.price=price;
}
publicabstractdoublegetSalePrice();
}
publicclassCsBookextendsBook……{
publicCsBook(Stringname,doubleprice)
{
this.setName(name);
this.setPrice(price);
}
publicdoublegetSalePrice()
……{
returnthis.getPrice()*0.93;
}
}
publicclassChildrenBookextendsBook……{
publicChildrenBook(Stringname,doubleprice)……{
this.setName(name);
this.setPrice(price);
}
publicdoublegetSalePrice()……{
returnthis.getPrice()-1;
}
}
publicclassClient……{
publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[])
……{
BookcsBook1=newCsBook(“Thinkinjava”,45);
BookchildrenBook1=newChildrenBook(“Hello”,20);
System.out.println(csBook1.getName()+:+csBook1.getSalePrice());
System.out.println(childrenBook1.getName()+:+childrenBook1.getSalePrice());
}
}
问题:每个子类必须都各自实现打折算法,即使打折算法相同。所以codereuse不好
方案二:
//把打折策略代码提到父类来实现codereuse
publicabstractclassBook……{
privatedoubleprice;
privateStringname;
publicStringgetName()……{
returnname;
}
publicvoidsetName(Stringname)……{
this.name=name;
}
publicdoublegetPrice()……{
returnprice;
}
publicvoidsetPrice(doubleprice)……{
this.price=price;
}
//销售价格
publicstaticdoubletoSalePrice(Bookbook)
……{
if(bookinstanceofChildrenBook)
……{
returnbook.getPrice()-1;
}
elseif(bookinstanceofCsBook)
……{
returnbook.getPrice()*0.93;
}
return0;
}
}
publicclassClient……{
publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[])
……{
BookcsBook1=newCsBook(“Thinkinjava”,45);
BookchildrenBook1=newChildrenBook(“Hello”,20);
System.out.println(csBook1.getName()+:+Book.toSalePrice(csBook1));
System.out.println(childrenBook1.getName()+:+Book.toSalePrice(childrenBook1));
}
}
toSalePrice方法是比较容易change的地方,如果策略复杂用if判断比较乱,并且策略修改或增加时需改变原代码。
方案三:策略模式
codereuse时最好用合成(HAS-A)而不用(IS-A),更加灵活。
publicabstractclassBook……{
privatedoubleprice;
privateStringname;
privateDiscountStrategydiscountStrategy;//折扣策略
publicStringgetName()……{
returnname;
}
publicvoidsetName(Stringname)……{
this.name=name;
}
publicdoublegetPrice()……{
returnprice;
}
publicvoidsetPrice(doubleprice)……{
this.price=price;
}
publicDiscountStrategygetDiscountStrategy()……{
returndiscountStrategy;
}