这本书是基于两位作者对70多位国际学术专家和教育家的访谈而创作的。本书包括我们在美国、芬兰、加拿大、新加坡、澳大利亚、新西兰、日本、中国、冰岛、挪威、瑞典、英格兰、苏格兰、克罗地亚和世界各地的学校及幼儿园实地考察期间，与教师、家长和学生的进行的观察和对话；以及我们对有关儿童教育和玩耍的广泛研究文献的批判性评论。

我们感谢这些专家慷慨地同意与我们分享他们的想法、观点和研究发现。他们是：

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Becker,D.R.,McClelland,M.M.,Loprinzi,P.,& Trost,S.G.(2014).Physical activity,self-regulation,and early academic achievement in preschool children.Early Education & Development,25(1),56–70.

Bickham,D.,Kavanaugh,J.,Alden,S.,& Rich,M.(2015).The state of play:How play affects developmental outcomes.Center on Media and Child Health,Boston Children’s Hospital.

Bodrova,E.,Germeroth,C.,& Leong,D.J.(2013).Play and self-regulation:Lessons from Vygotsky.American Journal of Play,6(1),111.

Bodrova,E.,& Leong,D.J.(2015).Vygotskian and post-Vygotskian views on children’s play.American Journal of Play,7,371–388.

Bonawitz,E.,Shafto,P.,Gweon,H.,Goodman,N.D.,Spelke,E.,& Schulz,L.(2011).The double-edged sword of pedagogy:Instruction limits spontaneous exploration and discovery.Cognition,120(3),322–330.

Brown,S.,with Vaughan,C.(2009).Play:How It Shapes the Brain,Opens the Imagination,and Invigorates the Soul.New York:Avery.

Brussoni,M.,Gibbons,R.,Gray,C.,Ishikawa,T.,Sandseter,E.B.H.,Bienenstock,A.,...& Pickett,W.(2015).What is the relationship between risky outdoor play and health in children· A systematic review.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,12(6),6423–6454.

Brussoni,M.,Olsen,L.,Pike,I.,& Sleet,D.(2012).Risky play and children’s safety:Balancing priorities for optimal development.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,9,3134–3148.

Burdette,H.L.,& Whitaker,R.C.(2005).Resurrecting free play in young children:Looking beyond fitness and fatness to attention,affiliation,and affect.Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine,159(1),46–50.

Burghardt,G.(2005).The Genesis of Animal Play:Testing the Limits.Cambridge,MA:MIT Press.

Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University.(2014).Enhancing and practicing executive function skills with children from

infancy to adolescence.Retrieved from http://developingchild.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Enhancing-and-Practicing-Executive-Function-Skills-with-Children-from-Infancy-to-Adolescence-1.pdf.

Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University.(2016).From best practices to breakthrough impacts:A science-based approach to building a more promising future for young children and families.Retrieved from https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/from-best-practices-to-breakthrough-impacts/.

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Cheng Pui-Wah,D.,Reunamo,J.,Cooper,P.,Liu,K.,& Vong,K.P.(2015).Children’s agentive orientations in play-based and academically focused preschools in Hong Kong.Early Child Development and Care,185(11–12),1828–1844.

Christakis,D.A.(2016).Rethinking attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.JAMA Pediatrics,170(2),109–110.

Christakis,D.A.,Zimmerman,F.J.,& Garrison,M.M.(2007).Effect of block play on language acquisition and attention in toddlers:A pilot randomized controlled trial.Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine,161(10),967–971.

Christakis,E.(2016).The Importance of Being Little.New York:Viking Press.

Conklin,H.(2015,March 3).Playtime isn’t just for preschoolers— Teenagers need it,too.Time.Retrieved from http://time.com/3726098/learning-through-play-teenagers-education/.

Council on Physical Education for Children.(2001).Recess in elementary schools.A position paper from the National Association for Sport and Physical Education.

Diamond,A.(2012).Activities and programs that improve children’s executive functions.Current Directions in Psychological Science,21,335–341.

Diamond,A.(2014).Want to optimize executive functions and academic outcomes· Simple,just nourish the human spirit.Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology,37,205–232.

Diamond,A,& Lee,K.(2011).Interventions shown to aid executive function development in children 4 to 12 years old.Science,333(6045),959–964.

Elkind,D.(2007).The Power of Play:How Spontaneous,Imaginative Activities Lead to Happier,Healthier Children.New York:Da Capo Press.

Elkind,D.(2008).The power of play:Learning what comes naturally.American Journal of Play,Summer,1–6.

Fein,G.G.(1981).Pretend play in childhood:An integrative review.Child Development,52(4),1095–1118.

Fisher,K.R.,Hirsh-Pasek,K.,Newcombe,N.,& Golinko,R.M.(2013).Taking shape:Supporting preschoolers’ acquisition of geometric knowledge through guided play.Child Development,84,1872–1878.

Fletcher,R.,St George,J.,& Freeman,E.(2012).Rough and tumble play quality:Theoretical foundations for a new measure of father-child interaction.Early Child Development and Care,183(6),746–759.

Fortson,J.,James-Burdumy,S.,Bleeker,M.,et al.(2013).Impact and implementation findings from an experimental evaluation of Playworks:Effects on school climate,academic learning,student social skills and behavior.Princeton,NJ:Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

Fuller,B.,Bein,E.,Bridges,M.,Kim,Y.,& Rabe-Hesketh,S.(2017).Do academic preschools yield stronger benefits· Cognitive emphasis,dosage,and early learning.Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology,52,1–11.

Gertler,P.,Heckman,J.,Pinto,R.,Zanolini,A.,Vermeerch,C.,Walker,S.,& Grantham-McGregor,S.(2014).Labor market returns to an early childhood stimulation intervention in Jamaica.Science,344(6187),998–1001.

Ginsburg,K.R.;American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Communications;American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health.(2007).The importance of play in promoting healthy child development and maintaining strong parent–child bonds.Pediatrics,119(1),182–191.

Goldstein,J.(2012).Play in children’s development,health and well-being.Toy industries of Europe.Retrieved from https://www.toyindustries.eu/resource/play-childrens-development/.

Graham,G.,Holt-Hale,S.,& Parker,M.(2005).Children Moving:A Reflective Approach to Teaching Physical Education (7th ed.).New York:McGraw-Hill.

Gray,A.(2017,Jan.27).What does the future of jobs look like· This is what experts think.World Economic Forum.Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/01/future-of-jobs-davos-2017.

Gray,P.(2009).Play as a foundation for hunter-gatherer social existence.American Journal of Play,1(4),476–522.

Gray,P.,(2013).Free to Learn:Why Unleashing the Instinct to Play Will Make Our Children Happier,More Self-Reliant,and Better Students for Life.New York:Basic Books.

Haapala,E.A.,V·st· J.,Lintu,N.,Westgate,K.,Ekelund,U.,Poikkeus,A.M.,Brage,S.,...& Lakka,T.A.(2017).Physical activity and sedentary time in relation to academic achievement in children.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,20(6),583–589.

Hassinger-Das,B.,Hirsh-Pasek,K.,& Michnick Golinkoff,R.(2017).The case of brain science and guided play:A developing story,young children.National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC),72(2).Retrieved from https://www.naeyc.org/resources/pubs/yc/may2017/case-brain-science-guided-play.

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Hillman,C.(2014).An introduction to the relation of physical activity to cognitive and brain health,and scholastic achievement.Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development,79,1–6.

Hillman,C.H.,Pontifex,M.B.,Castelli,D.M.,Khan,N.A.,Raine,L.B.,Scudder,M.R.,...& Kamijo,K.(2014).Effects of the FITkids randomized controlled trial on executive control and brain function.Pediatrics,134(4).Retrieved from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/4/e1063.

Hirsh-Pasek,K.,& Golinkoff,R.M.(2003).Einstein Never Used Flash Cards:How Our Children Really Learn— And Why They Need to Play More and Memorise Less.Emmaus,PA:Rodale.

Hirsh-Pasek,K.,Golinkoff,R.M.,Berk,L.,& Singer,D.G.(2009).A Mandate for Playful Learning in Preschool:Presenting the Evidence.New York:Oxford University Press.

Howard,J.,& McInnes,K.(2013).The impact of children’s perception of an activity as play rather than not play on emotional well-being.Child:Care,Health and Development,39(5),737–742.

Huizinga,J.(1950).Homo Ludens:A Study of the Play Element in Culture.New York:Roy Publishers.

Hurwitz,S.(2003).To be successful— let them play! Child Education,79(2),101–102.

Isenberg,J.,& Quisenberry,N.(2002).A position paper of the Association for Childhood Education International,PLAY:Essential for all children.Journal of Childhood Education,79(1),33–39.

Jarrett,O.S.(2002).Recess in elementary school:What does the research say· ERIC Digest,Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/·id=ED466331.

Jarrett,O.(2014).A research-based case for recess.Position paper for the US Play Coalition.

Jarrett,O.S.,Maxwell,D.M.,Dickerson,C.,Hoge,P.,Davies,G.,& Yetley,A.(1998).Impact of recess on classroom behavior:Group effects and individual differences.Journal of Educational Research,92(2),121–126.

Jenkins,J.M.,Duncan,G.J.,Auger,A.,Bitler,M.,Domina,T.,& Burchinal,M.(2018).Boosting school readiness:Should preschool teachers target skills or the whole child· Economics of Education Review,65,107–125.

Kinoshita,I.(2008,January).Children’s use of space of the fourth generation (today) with reviewing the three generation’s play maps (1982).Presented at the IPA 17th triennial conference “Play in a Changing World.” Hong Kong.

Koretz,D.(2017).The Testing Charade:Pretending to Make Schools Better.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.

LaFreniere,P.(2011).Evolutionary functions of social play:Life histories,sex differences,and emotion regulation.American Journal of Play 3,464–488.

Layton,T.J.,Barnett,M.L.,Hicks,T.R.,& Jena,A.B.(2018).Attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder and month of school enrollment.New England Journal of Medicine,379,2122–2130.

Lester,S.,& Russell,W.(2008).Play for a Change:Play,Policy and Practice:A Review of Contemporary Perspectives.London:Play England.

Lester,S.,& Russell,W.(2010).Children’s Right to Play:An Examination of the Importance of Play in the Lives of Children Worldwide.The Hague:Bernard van Leer Foundation.

Lillard,A.S.,Lerner,M.D.,Hopkins,E.J.,Dore,R.A.,Smith,E.D.,& Palmquist,C.M.(2013).The impact of pretend play on children’s development:A review of the evidence.Psychological Bulletin,139,1–34.

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